1706701061
[1] Hung-mao Tien(田弘茂),Government and Politics in Kuomintang China,(Stanford: Stanford University Press,1972),附录 A,pp.185-187。
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1706701063
[2] Franklin L.Ho(何廉)。引自Lloyd Eastman(易劳逸),“Nationalist China during the Nanking Decade,1927-1937”,收入The Cambridge History of China,vol.13 (Republican China,part 2)(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1986),p.165。
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[3] Parks M.Coble(柯博文),Facing Japan: Chinese Politics and Japanese Imperialism,1931-1937(Cambridge,MA: CEAS,Harvard University Press,1991)。
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1706701067
[4] Julia Strauss(朱莉),“The Evolution of Republican Government,” China Quarterly no.150 (June 1997),p.344;还可参见Julia Strauss(朱莉),Strong Institutions in Weak Polities
:State Building in Republican China,1927-1940 (Oxford: Clarendon Press,1998)。
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[5] Hans van de Ven(方德万),“The Military in the Republic,” China Quarterly no.150 (June 1997),pp.369-370;Parks M.Coble(柯博文),Facing Japan。
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[6] Edward McCord(麦致远),“Local Militia and State Power in Nationalist China,” Modern China vol.25,no.2 (April 1999),pp.115-141。
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1706701073
[7] A.Pisarev,“State and Peasant in Republican China: Dilemmas of the Guomindang Agrarian Policy During the 1920s-1940s,”“The Role of the Republican Period in Twentieth Century China
:Reflections and Reconsiderations”(Venice: University Ca’Foscari di Venezia,30 June-3 July 1999)会议论文,pp.5-7。
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[8] Lloyd Eastman(易劳逸),“Nationalist China during the Nanking Decade,” p.132; 还可参见Parks M.Coble(柯博文),The Shanghai Capitalists and the Nationalist Government,1927-1937 (Cambridge,MA: CEAS,Harvard University Press,1980)。
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[9] Bryna Goodman,“Creating Civic Ground: Public Maneuverings and the State in Nanjing Decade”,收入Gail Hershatter(贺萧)等编:Remapping China
:Fissures in Historical Terrain(Stanford
:Stanford University Press,1986), pp.164-177。
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[10] 本段以及下面两段来自Frederic Wakeman(魏斐德),Policing Shanghai,1927-1937 (Berkeley: University of California Press,1995)。关于帮会分子,参见Brian Martin,The Shanghai Green Gang
:Politics and Organized Crime,1919-1937 (Berkeley: University of California Press,1996);关于鸦片,参见Edward R.Slack,Opium, State,and Society: China’s Narco-Economy and the Guomindang,1924-1937(Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,2001)。
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[11] Jonathan Spence(史景迁),“Opium Smoking in Ch’ing China”,收入 Frederic Wakeman,Jr(魏斐德)与Carolyn Grant编:Conflict and Control in Late Imperial China (Berkeley
:University of California Press,1975),p.154。
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[12] Frederic Wakeman(魏斐德),Policing Shanghai,1928-1937,pp.244,260。
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[13] Julia Strauss(朱莉),Strong Institutions in Weak Polities。
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[14] 参见Frederic Wakeman(魏斐德),“A Revisionist View of the Nanjing Decade: Confucian Fascism,”China Quarterly 150 (June 1997),pp.395-432;Lloyd Eastman(易劳逸),“Fascism in Guomindang China: The Blue Shirts,” China Quarterly no.49(January/March 1972),pp.1-31,以及The Abortive Revolution: China under Nationalist Rule,1927-1937 (Cambridge,MA: CEAS,Harvard University Press,1990)。
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[15] William Kirby(柯伟林),Germany and Republican China (Stanford: Stanford University Press,1984)。
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[16] 出自1969年Lloyd Eastman(易劳逸)的采访。引自 “Fascism in Guomindang China,” p.3。
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[17] 蒋介石:《如何做革命党员》(1933年9月20日)。引自Lloyd Eastman(易劳逸),“Fascism in Guomindang China,” pp.5,6。
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[18] 在上面引用过的之外,还可参见 Arif Dirlik(德里克),“Ideological Foundations of the New Life Movement: A Study in Counterrevolution,” Journal of Asian Studies vol.34,no.4 (August 1976),pp.945-980。
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[19] 蒋介石: China’s Destiny(《中国之命运》),英文译者:王宠惠(Westport,CT: Greenwood Press,1947),p.99。
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[20] 蒋介石:《新生活运动纲要》(1934年)。见Wm.Theodore de Bary(狄百瑞)等编:Sources of Chinese Tradition(New York
:Columbia University Press,1960),vol.1,p.140(修订版)。
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[21] 这是Thomas G.Rawski对可用统计数据的评述,参见其Economic Growth in Prewar China (Berkeley
:University of California Press,1989),p.xxix;更详细的则见pp.268-343。然而,即使是Rawski的统计数据也无法支撑他的断言,那就是经济成就是“相当可观的”。
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[22] 《确定训政时期党、政府、人民行使政权、治权之分际及方略案》,中国国民党中央执行委员会宣传委员会编:《中国国民党一、二、三次全国代表大会会刊》(1934年),160页。
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[23] 参见Xiaoqun Xu,Chinese Professionals and the Republican State: The Rise of Professional Associations in Shanghai,1912-1937 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2001)。
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[24] 引自Gail Hershatter(贺萧),The Workers of Tianjin,1900-1949(Stanford: Stanford University Press,1986),p.222。
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[25] Elizabeth J.Perry(裴宜理),Shanghai on Strike
:The Politics of Chinese Labor (Stanford
:Stanford University Press,1993),pp.95-103。
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