1706974333
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[80] Randell Monier-Williams,The Tallow Chandlers of London. London:Kaye and Ward,1970,1,p.35.
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[81] 《晋书》卷49;《世说新语·雅量》。阮孚雅好木屐,收藏了许多打过蜡的木屐。
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[82] 《晋书》卷98。
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[83] 《陈书》卷16;《南史》卷58。
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[84] 《晋书》卷27。
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[85] 《晋书》卷20。
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[86] 《南史》卷80。我不清楚这些木质器械的具体形状。
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[87] Ernest Watson,The Principal Articles of Chinese Commerce(Import and Export). Shanghai:Statistical Department of the Inspector General of Customs,1930,pp.76-77.
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[88] Francesca Bray,Science and Civilisation in China. Volume 6:Biology and Biological Technology,Part II. Agriculture,p.519.
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[89] 缪启榆:《齐民要术校释》,第133页。
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[90] E-tu Zen Sun and Shiou-chuan Sun,trans.,T’ien-kung k’ai-wu:Chinese Technology in the Seventeenth Century,p.216.
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[91] E-tu Zen Sun and Shiou-chuan Sun,trans.,T’ien-kung k’ai-wu:Chinese Technology in the Seventeenth Century,pp.217-219.
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1706974358
[92] Joseph Needham,with Wang Ling,and Lu Guei-djen. Science and Civilisation in China,4.2,pp.206-207,and figs.462b and 463,讨论了此类磨子。
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[93] 《晋书》卷83。
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[94] 缪启榆:《齐民要术校释》,第90~91页;Francesca Bray,Science and Civilisation in China. Volume 6:Biology and Biological Technology,Part II. Agriculture,p.519.
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[95] E-tu Zen Sun and Shiou-chuan Sun,trans.,T’ien-kung k’ai-wu:Chinese Technology in the Seventeenth Century,p.216;and Francesca Bray,Science and Civilisation in China. Volume 6:Biology and Biological Technology,Part II. Agriculture,pp.518-526.
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[96] 灯明显有两个名称:灯和锭。晋代韵学家吕静在其《韵集》中说,无足者为灯,有足者为锭,参见(唐)徐坚《初学记》卷25,第614页。不过《说文解字》认为二者相同;丁福保《说文解字诂林》,上海,医学书局,1930。
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[97] Donald M.Bailey,Greek and Roman Pottery Lamps. London:The Trustees of the British Museum,1963,p.9.
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[98] Leroy Thwing,Flickering Flames:A History of Domestic Lighting through the Ages. Rutland,Vt.:Charles E.Tuttle Co.,1958,p.102.
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1706974372
[99] F.W.Robins,The Story of the Lamp(and the Candle). London:Oxford University Press,1939,p.44.
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1706974374
[100] Annette L.Juliano and Judith Lerner,Monks and Merchants:Silk Road Treasures from Northwest China,Gansu and Ningxia,4th-7th Century,pp.72-73,pl.13;高25厘米。
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[101] 南京博物院、南京市文物保管委员会、江苏省文物管理委员会、江苏省博物馆编《江苏省出土文物》,图版131。
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[102] 四川省文物管理委员会、崇庆县文化馆:《四川崇庆县五道渠蜀汉墓》,《文物》1984年第8期,第47页,图8。
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[103] Edward Schafer,“The Yeh chung chi,” T’oung Pao 76(1990):183.
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[104] 山西省考古研究所、太原市文物管理委员会:《太原北齐娄叡墓发掘简报》,《文物》1985年第10期,图25及图版7.1。
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