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(3) Pierre L. van den Berghe, The Ethnic Phenomenon, pp. xi, 5–8, 17–27.
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(4) Richard H. Thompson, Theories of Ethnicity （New York: Greenwood Press, 1989）, pp.21–48.
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(5) 将社会生物学应用在人类社会结群的诠释上，一部集大成的也是最受争议的著作，可能是Richard D. Alexander所著的Darwinism and Human Affairs （Seattle: The University of Washington Press, 1979）。萨林斯（Marshall Sahlins）曾提出他对于社会生物学使用在人类社会结群诠释上的疑虑，见其所著The Use and Abuse of Biology: An Anthropological Critique of Sociobiology （Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1976）。
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(6) Marshall Sahlins, The Use and Abuse of Biology.
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(7) Clifford Geertz, “The Integrative Revolution: Primordial Sentiments and Civil Politics in the New States,” in The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays （New York: Basic Books, 1973）, pp.261–262; Charles Keyes,“The Dialectics of Ethnic Change,” in Ethnic Change, p.5.
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(8) Robin Fox, Kinship and Marriage （Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967）, pp.27–40.
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(9) 这在东非、欧亚草原许多多妻制（co-wives）的游牧社会中尤为明显；当这样的家庭分裂时，每一个母亲与她的子女成为一个新的家庭单位。请参考P. H. Gulliver,The Family Herds: A Study of Two Pastoral Tribes in East Africa the Jie and Turkana （London: Routledge & Kegan Paul LTD, 1955）, pp.49–100。
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(10) E. E. Evans-Pritchard, The Nuer （Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1940）, pp.199–200.
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(11) P. H. Gulliver, The Family Herds: A Study of Two Pastoral Tribes in East Africa, the Jie and Turkana, pp.108–117.
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(12) Hildred Geertz & Clifford Geertz, Kinship in Bali （Chicago: University of Chicago,1975）, pp. 85–94; Caroline Humphrey, “The Uses of Genealogy: A historical study of the nomadic and sedentarised Buryat,” Pastoral Production and Society, ed. by L’Équipe écologie et anthropologie des sociétés pastorales （Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979）, p.235.
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(13) Edmund Blair Bolles, Remembering and Forgetting: An Inquiry into the Nature of Memory（New York: Walker & Co., 1988）; Yrjo Engestrom et al.,“Organizational Forgetting: an Activity-Theoretical Perspective,” in Collective Remembering, ed. by David Middleton & Derek Edwards （London: Sage Publications, 1990）, pp.139–168; R. Jacoby, Social Amnesia: A Critique of Conformist Psychology from Adler to R. D. Laing （Sussex: Harvester, 1975）.
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(14) David Middleton & Derek Edwards, “Introduction,” in Collective Remembering, p.2.
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(15) Lewis A. Coser, “Introduction: Maurice Halbwachs,” in On Collective Memory, ed.& trans. by Lewis A. Coser （Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1992）; Maurice Halbwachs, Les cadres sociaux de la mémoire （Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1952）.
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(16) David Bakhurst, “Social Memory in Soviet Thought,” in Collective Remembering, pp.210–212.
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(17) F. C. Bartlett, Remembering: a Study in Experimental and Social Psychology （London: Cambridge University Press, 1932）, pp.199–202, 296.
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(18) Maurice Halbwachs, On Collective Memory, pp.38, 119; Lewis A. Coser, “Introduction: Maurice Halbwachs,” in On Collective Memory, p.22.
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(19) L. S. Vygotsky, Mind in Society: the Development of Higher Psychological Processes （Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978）.
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(20) F. C. Bartlett, Remembering: a Study in Experimental and Social Psychology, p.206.
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(21) Alan Radley, “Artefacts, Memory and a Sense of the Past,” in Collective Remembering; F. A. Yates, The Art of Memory （London: Penguin Books, 1969）.
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(22) Yrjo Engestrom et al., “Organizational Forgetting: an Activity-Theoretical Perspective,” in Collective Remembering.
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(23) Maurice Halbwachs, On Collective Memory, p.65.
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(24) David Middleton & Derek Edwards, “Introduction,” in Collective Remembering, pp.2–6.
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(25) P. Martin, G. O. Hagestad & P. Diedrick, “Family Stories: Events （Temporarily）Remembered,” Journal of Marriage and the Family 50 （1988）: 533–541.
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(26) John Bodnar, “Power and Memory in Oral History: Workers and Managers at Studebaker,” Journal of American History 75.4 （1989）: 1201–1221.
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(27) Julian E. Orr, “Sharing Knowledge, Celebrating Identity: Community Memory in a Service Culture,” in Collective Remembering.
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