1707120667
1707120668
(8) 此即如查尔斯·克尔斯所谓cultural expressions of ethnic identity。参见“Introduction,” in Ethnic Adaptation and Identity: The Karen on the Thai Frontier with Burma, ed. by Charles F. Keyes （Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues Press, 1979）, p.4。
1707120669
1707120670
(9) K. E. Knutsson, “Dichotomization and Integration: Aspects of Interethnic Relations in Southern Ethiopia,” in Ethnic Groups and Boundaries, pp.86–100.
1707120671
1707120672
(10) Ian Hodder, “The Maintenance of Group Identities in the Baringo District, Western Kenya,” in Social Organization and Settlement, BAR Supplementary Series （Oxford, Eng.: British Archaeology Reports, No. 47, pt. 1, 1978）, pp.47–73.
1707120673
1707120674
(11) 《晋书》卷一百十六，载记第十六；卷一百十七，载记第十七；卷一百十八，载记第十八。
1707120675
1707120676
(12) 除了上引姚兴事母至孝的史料外，晋书中记载姚兴心腹之臣给事黄门侍郎古成诜之事曰：“时京兆韦高慕阮籍之为人，居母丧，弹琴饮酒。诜闻而泣曰：吾当私刃斩之，以崇风教。遂持剑求高，高惧逃匿，终身不敢见诜。”
1707120677
1707120678
(13) 一个很好的例子是青海发现的一个匈奴墓葬；在这砖室墓中有充分的汉墓特征，如果不是发掘者很幸运地找到一颗“汉归义匈奴亲汉长”铜印的话，它很可能被视为汉上层人物的墓。参见赵生琛：《青海大通上孙家寨的匈奴墓》，《文物》1979年第4期，第49—53页。
1707120679
1707120680
(14) S. South, Palmetto parapets. Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, Anthropological Studies No. 1. （Columbia: University of South Carolina, 1974）, pp.268–269; William Y. Adams, “On the Argument from Ceramics to History: a Challenge based on Evidence from Medieval Nubia,” Current Anthropology 20 （1979）: 727–744; T. H. Charlton,“Population Trends in the Teotihuacan Valley, A.D. 1400–1969,” World Archaeology 4（1972）: 106–123.
1707120681
1707120682
(15) 邹衡：《夏商周考古学论文集》，文物出版社，1980，第335—355页；尹盛平、任周芳：《先周文化的初步研究》，《文物》1984年第7期，第42—49页。
1707120683
1707120684
(16) Eric R. Wolf, Europe and the People without History （Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982）, pp.380–381.
1707120685
1707120686
(17) Michael Moerman, “Ethnic Identification in a Complex Civilization: Who are the Lue?” American Anthropologist 67（1965）: 1215–1230.
1707120687
1707120688
(18) Wolfram Eberhard, The Local Cultures of South and East China, trans. by Alide Eberhard（Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1968）, p.2.
1707120689
1707120690
(19) 日本人江上波夫所作之《骑马民族国家》一书，以游牧民族东渡日本对日本民族与文化的影响，来说明日本人之优越根源（相对于农业民族的中国人）；可以说，便是如此的历史与考古溯源之作。参见江上波夫：《骑马民族国家》，张承志译，光明日报出版社，1988。
1707120691
1707120692
(20) 罗香林：《夏民族发祥于岷江流域说》，《说文月刊》1943年（第3卷）第9期；陈志良：《禹与四川的关系》，《说文月刊》1943年（第3卷）第9期。
1707120693
1707120694
(21) Fredrik Barth, “Introduction,” in Ethnic Groups and Boundaries, p.11.
1707120695
1707120696
(22) 在此我引用一篇论文的标题：“Ethnic Group are Made, Not Born”,见N. G. Schiller,“Ethnic Group are Made, Not Born: The Haitian Immigrant and American Politics,”in Ethnic Encounters: Identities and Contexts, ed. by George L. Hicks & Philip E. Leis （North Scituate: Duxbury Press, 1977）, pp.23–35。
1707120697
1707120698
(23) Stanton W. Green & Stephen M. Perlman, eds., The Archaeology of Frontiers and Boundaries （Orlando: Academic Press, 1985）, pp.4–9.
1707120699
1707120700
(24) Richard A. Gould, Living Archaeology （Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980）, pp.29–47, 161–228.
1707120701
1707120702
(25) F. A. Yates, The Art of Memory; Barry Schwartz, “The Social Context of Commemoration: A Study in Collective Memory,” Socail Forces 61 （1982）: 374–402; Alan Radley, “Artefacts, Memory and a Sense of the Past,” in Collective Remembering, pp.46–59.
1707120703
1707120704
(26) George E. Marcus and Michael M. J. Fischer, Anthropology as Cultural Critique（Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1986）, p.27.
1707120705
1707120706
(27) 这是华夏的主观看法；而显然当时的华夏并未充分了解羌人的亲族体系与政治秩序。
1707120707
1707120708
(28) 王明珂：《羌在汉藏之间：一个华夏边缘的历史人类学研究》，中华书局，2008。
1707120709
1707120710
(29) Michael M. J. Fischer, “Fischer: Ethnicity as Text and Model,” in Anthropology as Cultural Critique, appendix, p.173.
1707120711
1707120712
(30) Ming-ke Wang, The Ch’iang of Ancient China through the Han Dynasty: Ecological Frontiers and Ethnic Boundaries, Ph.D. diss. （Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press）, chap. 4.
1707120713
1707120714
(31) 顾颉刚：《从古籍中探索我国的西部民族──羌族》，《社会科学战线》1980年第1期，第117—152页；冉光荣、李绍明、周锡银：《羌族史》。
1707120715
1707120716
(32) 钱穆：《周初地理考》，原载《燕京学报》1931年第10期，亦见《古史地理论丛》，生活·读书·新知三联书店，2004。
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.707120667e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]