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6 参见 Joseph C. Grew，Ten Years in Japan（New York, 1944），第 169—178 页，这是当时在场的美国大使的记录；Iriye，Origins，第 33 页；Bix，第 297—306 页；Andrew Gordon，A Modern History of Japan from Tokugawa Times to the Present（New York/Oxford，2003），第 198 页；关于详细的描写，参见 John Toland，The Rising Sun：The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936—1945（New York, 1970，Modern Library edn.，2003），第 1 章。
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7 Imai Seiichi, ‘Cabinet, Emperor, and Senior Statesmen’, in Dorothy Borg and Shumpei Okamoto (eds.), Pearl Harbor as History. Japanese-American Relations 1931—1941, New York, 1973, p. 66; Iriye, Origins, p. 34. Nish，第 215—216 页，这本资料指出了外务省是怎样被军方撇到一边，从而开始扮演次要角色的。根据 Robert J. C. Butow，Tojo and the Coming of the War（Princeton，1961），第 86 页，在 1936 年 2 月失败的政变企图之后上台的广田弘毅内阁，“很难被认为是帝国陆海军的不情愿的工具”。
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8 Iriye, Origins, pp. 37—39.
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9 See, for a detailed analysis, Hata Ikuhiko, ‘The Marco Polo Bridge Incident, 1937’, in Morley, The China Quagmire, pp. 243—286.
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10 Bix, p. 320.
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11 Quoted in Bix, p. 322.
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12 Bix, pp. 325—326.
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13 Iriye, Origins, p. 45.
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14 Bix, p. 332.
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15 Bix, pp. 334—335.
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16 See Bix, pp. 340—341.
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17 Iriye, Across the Pacific, pp. 178—179.
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18 Political Strategy Prior to the Outbreak of War (Part I), Japanese Monographs, 144, appendix 11 (http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/monos/144/144app11.html).
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19 Bix, p. 345.
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20 Bix, p. 346.
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21 Iriye, Origins, p. 67.
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22 Iriye, Origins, p. 68.
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23 Akira Iriye, Power and Culture. The Japanese-American War, 1941—1945, Cambridge, Mass., 1981, p. 6.
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24 Bix, p. 353.
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25 David Bergamini, Japan’s Imperial Conspiracy, New York, 1971, vol. 2, p. 908; Iriye, Origins, pp. 76—77; Spotswood, pp. 32—34.
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26 John P. Fox, Germany and the Far Eastern Crisis 1931—1938. A Study in Diplomacy and Ideology, Oxford, 1982, ch. 10; Hartmut Bloß, ‘Deutsche Chinapolitik im Dritten Reich’, in Manfred Funke (ed.), Hitler, Deutschland und die Mächte. Materialien zur Außenpolitik des Dritten Reichs, Düsseldorf, 1978, pp. 419—423.
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27 Sheffield University Library, Wolfson Microfilm 431, Diary of Marquis Kido Koichi (American translation of extracts for use in the Tokyo War Crimes Trials), doc. no. 1632BB (1), 22.8.39. For Kido, see Bix, pp. 370—371; and Toland, The Rising Sun,p. 79.
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28 Iriye, Origins, p. 81; Nish, p. 231.
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29 Iriye, Origins, pp. 83—84.
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30 James William Morley (ed.), The Fateful Choice. Japan’s Advance into Southeast Asia, 1939—1941, New York, 1980 (translated essays by Hosoya Chihiro on ‘Northern Defence’, Nagaoka Shinjiro on ‘Economic Demands on the Dutch East Indies’, Hata Ikuhiko on ‘The Army’s Move into Northern Indochina’, Nagaoka Shinjiro on ‘The Drive into Southern Indochina and Thailand’ and Tsunoda Jun on ‘The Navy’s Role in the Southern Strategy’, based upon Japanese documentation),p. 121.
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