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13 The title of chapter 3 of Warren F. Kimball, Forged in War. Churchill, Roosevelt and the Second World War, London, 1997.
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14 罗斯福在新政当中的作用是无可替代的。他感兴趣的领域都获得了成功，而他缺乏兴趣的领域（例如低价房），还有他犹豫不决的工业战略，都成为经济中的弱项领域，见 Tony Badger，The New Deal：The Depression Years，1933—40（London，1989），第 9 页。Patrick Renshaw，Franklin D. Roosevelt：Profiles in Power（London，2004），第 107 页，指出了罗斯福在 1933 年以后美国恢复国民士气时候的“强大个人作用”。
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15 See Frank Freidel, Franklin D. Roosevelt. A Rendezvous with Destiny, Boston, 1990, p. 252. See also Renshaw, p. 120; and Badger, pp. 94—104.
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16 Freidel, p. 287; Kennedy, pp. 347—349; Hugh Brogan, The Pelican History of the United States of America, Harmondsworth, 1986, p. 565. 共和党在众议院赢得了 80 个席位，在参议院赢得了 8 个席位；虽然民主党仍然控制着参众两院，但跨党派的联合意味着反对罗斯福的力量大大加强了。
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17 On American loans, and insistence on repayment, see Zara Steiner, The Lights that Failed. European International History 1919—1933, Oxford, 2005, pp. 38—39, 185, 188.
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18 Divine, The Reluctant Belligerent, pp. 8—10; Kennedy, pp. 387—388.
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19 Quoted in Kennedy, p. 386.
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20 Freidel, p. 171.
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21 Divine, The Reluctant Belligerent, pp. 17—22.
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22 Kennedy, p. 393.
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23 Kennedy, pp. 395—396. 关于美国石油资源与阿比西尼亚战争，参见 Cordell Hull，The Memoirs of Cordell Hull（New York，1948），vol. 1，第 422—442 页，尤其是赫尔承认（第 442 页），“我们已经尽力了”，虽然“在道义上美国应该实行对意大利的石油禁运，但在法律上美国政府没有权力实施禁运”。And see Robert A. Divine, Roosevelt and World War II, Baltimore, 1969, pp. 11—13.
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24 Divine, The Reluctant Belligerent, p. 29.
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25 Divine, The Reluctant Belligerent, pp. 31—33; Cordell Hull laid out the government’s position, and defended it, in Hull, vol. 1, pp. 476—485.
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26 Kennedy, pp. 398—399.
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27 Eric Larrabee, Commander in Chief. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, his Lieutenants, and their War, London, 1987, pp. 32—33.
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28 The passage containing the quotation is included in Divine, Roosevelt and World War II, p. 9; and also quoted in Brogan, p. 569.
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29 Quoted in John T. Flynn, The Roosevelt Myth, New York, 1956, pp. 90—92.
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30 Flynn, p. 92.
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31 Divine, The Reluctant Belligerent, pp. 48—49.
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32 Kennedy, p. 388.
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33 For Hull’s background and career, see Irwin F. Gellman, Secret Affairs. Franklin Roosevelt, Cordell Hull, and Sumner Welles, Baltimore/London, 1995, pp. 20—36.
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34 Alsop and Kintner, pp. 14, 25.
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35 David Reynolds, The Creation of the Anglo-American Alliance 1937—1941. A Study in Competitive Co-operation, Chapel Hill, NC, 1982, p. 27.
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36 Quoted in Kennedy, p. 405. Michael Leigh，Mobilizing Consent：Public Opinion and American Foreign Policy，1937—1947（Westport，Conn.，1976），第 48 页，作者通过对“隔离演说”时美国民意的仔细分析得出结论，罗斯福根本不是被公众的态度所限，而“是把他自己的犹豫不决传递给了大众”，“当时孤立主义运动已经摇摇欲坠了,他却拒绝行动”。
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37 Quoted in William R. Rock, Chamberlain and Roosevelt. British Foreign Policy and the United States, 1937—1940, Columbus, Ohio, 1988, p. 48.
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