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166 Dallek, p. 245; Langer and Gleason, Challenge, pp. 760—761; Divine, Roosevelt and World War II, p. 36.
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167 Reynolds, Anglo-American Alliance, pp. 128—131.
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168 Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 2, pp. 361—368; Langer and Gleason, Challenge, pp. 762—769.
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169 Langer and Gleason, Challenge, p. 769; Blum, pp. 182—183.
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170 Reynolds, Anglo-American Alliance, p. 131; Kennedy, p. 461.
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171 Ciano’s Diary 1939—1943, ed. Malcolm Muggeridge, London, 1947, p. 288; Langer and Gleason, Challenge, p. 775.
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172 Franz Halder, Kriegstagebuch. Tägliche Aufzeichnungen des Chefs des Generalstabes des Heeres 1939—1942, vol. 2: Von der geplanten Landung in England bis zum Beginn des Ostfeldzuges (1.7.1940—21.6.1941), ed. Hans-Adolf Jacobsen, Stuttgart, 1963, p. 75 (23.8.40), p. 98 (14.9.40); Fuehrer Conferences on Naval Affairs 1939—1945, London, 1990, p. 134; Andreas Hillgruber, Hitlers Strategie. Politik und Kriegführung 1940—1941, 3rd edn., Bonn, 1993, pp. 201—203.
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173 Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, p. 24; Reynolds, Anglo-American Alliance, p. 132; Reynolds, From Munich to Pearl Harbor, p. 87.
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174 Langer and Gleason, Challenge, pp. 770—776.
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175 Quoted in Langer and Gleason, Challenge, p. 768. 将近年底的时候，哈利法克斯不情愿地接受了驻华盛顿大使的任命，丘吉尔感谢他“接受这项重要任务”，强调了美援的重要性：“如果他们不全心全意地帮助我们，英国只有悲惨的命运；如果他们向我们提供我们应得的援助，你会给国家带来不可估量的幸福。”（Borthwick Institute，University of York，Diary of Lord Halifax，A.7.8.7，Churchill letter appended to entry for 22.12.40。）
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176 Churchill, Great War Speeches, p. 59; Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 2,p. 362.
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177 Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 2, p. 358.
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178 Langer and Gleason, Challenge, p. 765; Gloria J. Barron, Leadership in Crisis. FDR and the Path to Intervention, Port Washington, NY/London, 1973, p. 69.
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179 Langer and Gleason, Challenge, p. 776.
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180 Kennedy, p. 466; Divine, The Reluctant Belligerent, p. 35.
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181 Kennedy, p. 464; Dallek, p. 255.
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182 Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, p. 212 (also for the quotation); and see Reynolds, From Munich to Pearl Harbor, pp. 102—103.
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183 Reynolds, Anglo-American Alliance, p. 150 (also for the quotation). 洛锡安不得不强力敦促丘吉尔“把英国的情况向罗斯福和盘托出”，见 David Reynolds，In Command of History：Churchill Fighting and Writing the Second World War（London，2004），第 202 页。
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184 Warren F. Kimball, The Most Unsordid Act. Lend-Lease 1939—1941, Baltimore, 1969, pp. 96—97.
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185 Blum, pp. 199—200; Kimball, The Most Unsordid Act, pp. 100—101; Dallek,p. 253. 在 1940 年 10 月，德国潜艇击沉了 35 万 2000 吨位的船舶，是整个战争期间的最高记录。See Dan van der Vat, The Atlantic Campaign. The Great Struggle at Sea 1939—1945, London, 1988, p. 147.
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186 Ickes, p. 367.
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187 Reynolds, Anglo-American Alliance, p. 42.
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188 Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, pp. 223—225; Kimball, The Most Unsordid Act, p. 99.
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189 Sherwood, White House Papers, vol. 1, p. 221; Ickes, pp. 374—376.
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190 Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, pp. 226—228 (also for the quotations); Kimball, The Most Unsordid Act, pp. 101—104; Blum, pp. 200—201.
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