1707346980
231 Stimson Diaries, Reel 6, entry for 29.12.40; Kimball, The Most Unsordid Act, p. 129.
1707346981
1707346982
232 Sherwood, White House Papers, vol. 1, p. 271. 见 Freidel,第 366 页,罗斯福确信只有用美国远征军和德国正面作战才能获得最终胜利。他在 1941 年春夏谈起过组建一支 75000 人的美国远征军派往西半球以外的地区作战(Casey,第 15 页)。
1707346983
1707346984
233 关于来自大西洋和太平洋彼岸的威胁对美国政府来说孰轻孰重,一个说明问题的征兆就是罗斯福在珍珠港事件前 11 个月中的所有讲话里,总共只提起日本 4 次,而提到希特勒和纳粹主义超过 150 次(Casey,第 39—40 页)。
1707346985
1707346986
234 Heinrichs, Threshold of War, p. 38.
1707346987
1707346988
235 Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, pp. 221—222; Heinrichs, Threshold of War, p. 38.
1707346989
1707346990
236 Sherwood, White House Papers, vol. 1, pp. 271—273; Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, pp. 285—289; Reynolds, Anglo-American Alliance, pp. 182—185; Reynolds, From Munich to Pearl Harbor, pp. 117—118; Kennedy, pp. 479—482.
1707346991
1707346992
237 Sherwood, White House Papers, vol. 1, p. 270; quotation from Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, p. 289.
1707346993
1707346994
238 Quoted in Kimball, Forged in War, p. 84. See also Heinrichs, Threshold of War,p. 81; and Freidel, p. 368 for Churchill’s disappointment in Roosevelt around this time.
1707346995
1707346996
239 Freidel, p. 368.
1707346997
1707346998
240 Blum, p. 251.
1707346999
1707347000
241 See Heinrichs, Threshold of War, p. 85 for the rising support for escorting in April and May.
1707347001
1707347002
242 罗斯福在 5 月份敦促采取行动占领亚速尔群岛和佛得角群岛,来应对他想象中“随时”可能发生的德军进驻西班牙和葡萄牙的情况。他要求在一个月以内集结一支 5 万人的部队,但是别人告诉他在这么短的时间里无法找到行动所需的运输船只,他于是“放弃了这个打算”(Sheffield University Library,Wolfson Microfilm 575,The Presidential Diaries of Henry Morgenthau 1938—1945 [Microform],Frame 0931,22.5.41)。
1707347003
1707347004
243 Freidel, pp. 369—370; Reynolds, From Munich to Pearl Harbor, pp. 125—127; Reynolds, Anglo-American Alliance, p. 198; Heinrichs, Threshold of War, p. 46. 另见 Ickes,第 466 页,报道说罗斯福讲过,“很快会发生大事,德国将犯下大错”,这让伊克斯猜测总统预料会发生某个事件促使美国参战,或者至少开始武装护航。罗斯福在 1941 年上半年暗示过大概 7 次,美国欢迎德国在大西洋的报复行动,这样将让他有借口采取更好战的举措(Casey,第 14—15 页)。
1707347005
1707347006
244 See Barron, pp. 91—94.
1707347007
1707347008
245 For the President, p. 512.
1707347009
1707347010
246 Lash, pp. 309—310.
1707347011
1707347012
247 Churchill and Roosevelt, C84x, p. 182; Reynolds, Anglo-American Alliance, p. 199.
1707347013
1707347014
248 Ickes, pp. 512—513; Sherwood, White House Papers, vol. 1, p. 293.
1707347015
1707347016
249 Quoted in Blum, p. 253; and see Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War,pp. 455—456.
1707347017
1707347018
250 Quoted in Larrabee, p. 55. 摩根索在 5 月 17 日的日记中说:“我感觉罗斯福想被形势逼着投入战争,不想领导国家主动开战。”(Morgenthau Diaries,Frame 0929,17.5.41。)See also Dallek, p. 265; and Divine, Roosevelt and World War II, p. 42.
1707347019
1707347020
251 Sherwood, White House Papers, vol. 1, p. 298; Larrabee, p. 56; Burns, pp. 99—101; Reynolds, Anglo-American Alliance, pp. 202—203. 史汀生肯定赫尔把讲话的调子给降低了。他说,总统“听上去疲惫而无精打采,所以我对讲话挺失望的,不过他本人倒是觉得这是篇好的讲话”(Stimson Diaries,Reel 6,entries for 27—28.5.41)。
1707347021
1707347022
252 FDR’s Fireside Chats, pp. 184, 187; Sherwood, White House Papers, vol. 1,pp. 296—298.
1707347023
1707347024
253 Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, p. 463; Larrabee, p. 60; Burns, p. 101.
1707347025
1707347026
254 Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, pp. 457, 463; Ickes, pp. 526—527; Sherwood, White House Papers, vol. 1, p. 299.
1707347027
1707347028
255 Larrabee, p. 62.
1707347029
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.70734698e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]