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104 Heinrichs, Threshold of War, p. 168.
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105 Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, p. 747; Lash, p. 419.
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106 Bailey and Ryan, pp. 177 n. and 182 n.
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107 Quoted in Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, p. 747.
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108 Quoted in Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, p. 747.
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109 Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, p. 749.
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110 FDR’s Fireside Chats, p. 196.
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111 尽管如此,罗斯福利用误导性信息绕过国会的行为,即使是处于好的目的,也给后来的越南战争开了先例,带来了灾难性的后果(Lash,第 420—421 页)。
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112 Quoted in Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, p. 749.
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113 Quoted in Dallek, p. 289. 迪文评论说,“公众(对开始护航的)反应非常积极,罗斯福本应该在坚定的公众支持下提前好几个月开展护航行动”。但是这个话没有考虑到美国民意基本的两极化态度,而总统感觉到了。其实,在他的书的同一页上就写着反映民意的盖洛普民意调查的结果(Divine,The Reluctant Belligerent,第 144 页)。
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114 Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, p. 751.
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115 Bailey and Ryan, pp. 188—191.
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116 Bailey and Ryan, pp. 191—192, 195—196.
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117 Bailey and Ryan, pp. 196—197.
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118 Reynolds, Anglo-American Alliance, p. 219; Nicholas John Cull, Selling War. The British Propaganda Campaign against American ‘Neutrality’ in World War II, New York/Oxford, 1995, pp. 170—173.
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119 Public Papers and Addresses, vol. 10, pp. 438—445.
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120 Public Papers and Addresses, vol. 10, pp. 444—445.
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121 Quoted in Dallek, p. 289.
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122 Freidel, p. 394; Bailey and Ryan, p. 208; Divine, The Reluctant Belligerent, p. 146.
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123 Hull, vol. 2, p. 943.
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124 参议院外交事务方面的主要参议员们告诉罗斯福总统,虽然他们认为大多数议员赞成修法,但是仍会有长时间的辩论,而且孤立主义议员会故意拖延表决过程(Lash,第 426 页)。
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125 Hull, vol. 2, pp. 1046—1047.
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126 Sherwood, White House Papers, vol. 1, p. 380.
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127 Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, p. 752.
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128 Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, pp. 752—756; Sherwood, White House Papers, vol. 1, p. 381.
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