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第十一章
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1.Guttmann,156.
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2.Lipksy,p.20.
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3.Quoted in Goodman,p.163.
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4.http：//www.koreainfogate.com/2002worldcup/news.asp?column=97.
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5.Lever,p.16.
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6.Quoted in Mark Dyreson,“The Emergence of Consumer Culture and the Transformation of Physical Culture：American Sport in the1920s,“in Wiggins,pp.207-24.
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7.Robert A.Baade,“Evaluating Subsidies for Professional Sports in the United States and Europe：A Public Sector Primer,“Oxford Review of Economic Policy19,no.4(2003)：587-93.
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8.Steve Lopez,“Money for Stadiums,But Not for Schools,“Time,June4,1999.
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9.Holt,p.36.
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10.Rader,p.7.
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11.Vincent,pp.28-29.
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12.Lever,p.36.
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13.Ibid.,p.41.
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14.Hobsbawm,“Mass Producing Traditions,“pp.288-89.
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15.Ibid.,p.300.
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16.Pope,p.328.
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17.Norman Chad,“World Cup Soccer Stirs Emotions That Few Americans Can Understand,“Los Angeles Times,June15,1986.
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18.Louis Kutcher,“The American Sports Event as Carnival：An Emergent Norm Approach to Crowd Behavior,“Journal of Popular Culture16,no.4(Spring1983)：34-41.
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19.Morris,p.248.
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20.See http：//www.straightdope.com/classics/a2_186.html.
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21.Bob Harvilla,“Thumping for Tejada,“East Bay Express,May2,2003,p.58.
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22.Mark Simon,“A Little Bit of Brazil in Palo Alto,“San Francisco Chronicle,June21,1993.
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23.May Colleen,the Airbrush Shoppe,phone interview with the author.
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24.Bobbi Weiner,phone interview with the author.
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