1707502522
[133]J.Carswell，‘From the Tulip to the Rose’，in Naff and Owen (eds.)，Islamic History，pp.328–329.
1707502523
1707502524
[134]参见S.Faroqhi，‘Crisis and Change，1590-1699’，in H.Inalcik with D.Quataert (eds.)，Ottoman Empire，p.526，以及B.McGowan，‘The Age of the Ayans’，p.724。
1707502525
1707502526
[135]S.Blake，Shahjahanabad：The Sovereign City in Mughal India 1639–1739 (Cambridge，1991).
1707502527
1707502528
[136]R.M.Eaton，The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier 1204–1760 (pbk edn，London，1996)，pp.288ff.
1707502529
1707502530
[137]C.A.Bayly，Rulers，Townsmen nad Bazaars：North India Society in the Age of British Expansion 1770–1870 (Cambridge，1983)，p.155.
1707502531
1707502532
[138]T.Raychaudhuri and I.Habib (eds.)，The Cambridge Economic History of India，vol.1：c.1200–1750 (Cambridge，1982)，p.396;J.R.McLane，Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth Century Bengal (Cambridge，1993)，p.31.
1707502533
1707502534
[139]T.Raychaudhuri and I.Habib (eds.)，Economic History，vol.1，pp.400–402.
1707502535
1707502536
[140]Ibid.，p.417.
1707502537
1707502538
[141]参见下面的出色文章，见F.Perlin，‘Commercial Manufacture and the Modity，Category，Sign and Identiry：Their Production as Myth and Knowledge’ (Aldershot，1994)，尤其是pp.81–82。
1707502539
1707502540
[142]E.Maclagan，The Jusuits and the Great Moghul (London，1932)，p.268.
1707502541
1707502542
[143]Ibid.，p.269.
1707502543
1707502544
[144] Ibid.，pp.243ff.
1707502545
1707502546
[145]L’Escaliot致Sir T.Browne的信，1664年1月28日，见N.C.Kellar and D.V.Apte (eds.)，English Records on Shivaji (Poona，1931)，p.73。
1707502547
1707502548
[146]Ibid.，p.374.
1707502549
1707502550
[147]S.Gordon，Marathas，Marauders and State Formation in 18th Century India (New Delhi，1994)，p.28.
1707502551
1707502552
[148]Ibid.，第2章。
1707502553
1707502554
[149]A.Wink，Land nad Sovereignty in India：Agrarian Society and Politics under the Eighteenth-Century Maratha Svarajya (Cambridge，1986)，p.40.
1707502555
1707502556
[150]Ibid.，pp.7，34.
1707502557
1707502558
[151] M.Alam，The Crisis of Empire in Mughal North India：Awadh and the Punjab 1707–1748 (Delhi，1986)，p.241.
1707502559
1707502560
[152]W.Irvine，The Later Mughals，vol.2：1719–1739 (Calcutta，1922)，p.360.
1707502561
1707502562
[153]关于莫卧儿帝国的“核心区”，见Jos Gommans，Mughal Warfare：Indian Frontiers and the Highroads to Empire 1500–1700 (London，2002)，p.18。
1707502563
1707502564
[154]D.Ludden，Peasant History on South India (New Delhi，1989)，p.74.
1707502565
1707502566
[155] Perlin，‘Commercial Manufacture’.
1707502567
1707502568
[156]关于怀特的生涯，见M.Collos.Siamese White (London，1936)。
1707502569
1707502570
[157]Forrest，Lord Clive，vol.1，p.26.
1707502571
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.707502522e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]