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[47]参见R.Ullman,The Anglo-Soviet Accord (London,1972),第10、11章。
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[48]这个进程的经典评论有R.Pipes,The Formation of the Soviet Union:Communism and Nationalism 1917–1923 (rev.edn,Cambridge,Mass.,1964)。
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[49]关于他生涯中的这个阶段的描述,见R.Service,Stalin (London,2004)。
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[50]Stalin to Lenin,22 Sept.1922,in J.Smith,Bolsheviks and the National Question,p.183.
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[51]Iibd.,pp.93–94.
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[52]Stalin to Lenin,22 Sept.1922.
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[53]关于国联的一般评语,参见F.P.Walters,The History of the Leagre of Nations (London,1952)。
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[54]B.Eichengreen,‘Twentieth-Century US Foreign Financial Relations’,in S.L.Engerman and R.E.Gallman (eds.),The Cambridge Economic History of the United States,vol.3:The Twentieth Century (Cambridge,2000),pp.476–477.
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[55]参见D.F.Fleming,The United States and the League of Nations 1918–1920 (New York,1932),pp.122–143。
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[56]关于权高势大的政治地理学家Isaiah Bowman的观点,见N.Smith,American Empire:Roosevelt’s Geographer and the Prelude to Globalization (London,2003),pp.184–188。
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[57]参见A.Iriye,The Cambridge History of American Foreign Relations,vol.3:The Globalising of America (Cambridge,1995)。
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[58]参见C.Thorne,The Limits of Power:The West,the League and the Far Eastern Crisis of 1913–1933 (London,1972)。
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[59]参见B.McKercher,Transition of Power:Britain’s Loss of Global Preeminence to the United States 1930–1945 (Cambridge,1999)。
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[60]Overy,Dictators,p.398.
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[61]Service,Stalin,p.325.。
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[62]Overy,Dictators,p.561.
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[63]J.Haslam,The Soviet Union and the Threat from the East (London,1992),p.28:the USSR had 200,000 troops in eastern Siberia by 1993.
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[64]J.Spence,In Search of Modern China (London,1990),p.382.
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[65]美国的政策可以参见S.K.Hornbeck,The Diplomacy of Frustration:The Manchurian Crisis of 1931–1933 as Revealed in the Papers of Stanley K.Hornbeck (Stanford,1981)。
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[66]Van der Ven,War and Nationalism,p.131.
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[67]A.Best,British Intelligence and the Japanese Challenge in Asia 1914–1941 (Basingstoke,2002),p.89.
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[68]参见Matsusaka,Japanese Munchuria,pp.281–288。
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[69]最近的分析,见Ibid.,pp.378–379。
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[70]参见Van der Ven,War and Nationalism,pp.188ff。
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[71]参见Tim Rooth,British Protectionism and the International Economy:Overseas Commercial Policy in the 1930s (Cambridge,2002)。
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