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[40]关于英国的政策参见W.R.Louis,The British Empire in the Middle East 1945–1951:Arab Nationalism,the United States,and Postwar Imperialism (Oxford,1984)。
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[41]关于这个估计参见W.B.Fisher,The Middle East:A Physical,Social and Regional Geography (London,1950),p.249。
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[42]Ghada Hashem Talhani,Palestine and Egyptian National Identity (New York,1992),p.9.
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[43]P.Seale,The Struggle for Syria:A Study of Post-War Arab Politics 1945–1958 (London,1966);A.Rathmell,Secret War in the Middle East:The Covert Struggle for Syria 1949–1961 (London 1995);P.Seale,‘Syria’,in Y.Sadiqh and A.Shlaim (eds.),The Cold War and the Middle East (Oxford,1997);M.Ma’oz,Middle East Politics and Ideas:The History from Within (London,1997).
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[44]M.J.Cohen,Palestine and the Great Powers 1945–1948 (Princeton,1982)是标准评论。
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[45]H.Batatu,The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq (Princeton,1978),pp.470–472,545–566,680.
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1707504645
[46]Talhani,Palestine,pp.48–50.
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[47]关于最近的讨论参见R.McNamara,Britain,Nasser and the Balance of Power in the Middle East 1952–1967 (London,2003)第3章。
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1707504649
[48]这是英国1954年7月驻开罗大使的判断,参见James Jankowski,Nasser’s Egypt,Arab Nationalism and the United Arab Republic (Boulder,Col.,2002),p.56。
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[49]Rathmell,Secret War,第4章。
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[50]标准的统计参见K.Kyle,Suez (London,1991)。
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1707504655
[51]关于艾登的政治命运参见D.Carlton,Anthony Eden (London,1981)。
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[52]参见Rathmell,Secret War,pp.160–162;Abdulaziz A.al-Sudairi,A Vision of the Middle East:An Intellectual Biography of Albert Hourani (London,1999),pp.98–100;Fouad Ajami,‘The End of Pan-Arabism’,Foreign Affairs,winter 1978/9。
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[53]关于20世纪50年代以来美国与以色列关系的白热化,参见D.Little,‘The Making of a Special Relationship:The United States and Israel 1957–1968’,International Journal of Middle East Studies 25,4 (1993),pp.563–585;G.M.Steinberg,‘Israel and the United States:Can the Special Relationship Survive the New Strategic Environment?’,Middle East Review of International Affairs 2,4 (1998)。
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[54]参见A.Sampson,The Seven Sisters:The Great Oil Companies and the World They Made (London,1975)。
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[55]The title of the influential study by Fouad Ajami (London,1981).
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[56]关于危机的开始参见E.Abrahamian,Iran between Two Revolutions (Princeton,1982),ch 5.For Anglo-Iranian,J.Bamberg,The History of the British Petroleum Company,vol.2:The Anglo-Iranian Years 1928–1954 (Cambridge,1994)。
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[57]美国有关的观点参见Rowntree to McGhee,20 Dec.1950,in FRUS 1950,vol.5:The Near East,South Asia and Africa (Washington,1978),p.634.For British policy,Louis,The British Empire in the Middle East,pp.632–689。
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[58]关于1953年政变的最近研究参见M.J.Gasiorowski and M.J.Byrne (eds.),Mohamed Mosaddeq and the 1953 Coup in Iran (Syracuse,NY,2004),‘Conclusion’.For landlord dominance and its impact,Abrahamian,Iran,pp.378–382。
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[59]J.R.T.Wood,The Welensky Papers (Durban,1982)仍是最好的著作。
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[60]葡萄牙在非洲领土安哥拉和莫桑比克的白人数量从1940年的6.7万增加到1960年的30万,详情参见A.J.Telo,Economia e Imperio no Portugal Contemporanea (Lisbon,1994),p.267。
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[61]参见the memo.By the governor of Nigeria in September 1939,CO 583/244/30453,printed in A.F.Madden and J.Darwin (eds.),The Dependent Empire 1900–1948,vol.7:Colonies,Protectorates and Mandates:Select Documents on the Constitutional History of the British Empire and Commonwealth (Westport,Conn.,1994),pp.705ff。
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[62]关于这一观点的起源参见D.A.Low and J.Lonsdale,‘Towards the New Order’ ,in D.A.Low and A.Smith (eds.),History of East Africa,vol.3 (Oxford,1976),pp.1–63。
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[63]关于对殖民政府策略的公开参见J.Darwin,‘The Central African Emergency,1959’,in R.F.Holland (ed.),Emergencies and Disorders in the European Colonial Empires after 1945(London,1994)。
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[64]参见J.Lonsdale,‘The Moral Economy of Mau Mau:Wealth,Poverty and Civic Virtue in Kikuyu Political Thought’,in B.Berman and J.Lonsdale,Unhappy Valley:Conflict in Kenya and Africa,book 2:Ethnicity and Violence (London,1992),pp.265–504。
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