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(57) Victoria E.Bonnell & Lynn Hunt,“Introduction,”Beyond the Cultural Turn,2.
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(58) Victoria E.Bonnell & Lynn Hunt,“Introduction,”11.
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(59) Richard Biernacki,“Method and Metaphor after the New Cultural History”,63.
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(60) Victoria E.Bonnell & Lynn Hunt,“Introduction,”2-3.
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(61) Victoria E.Bonnell & Lynn Hunt,“Introduction,”4.
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(62) 而在历史学和社会学之间,历史学则又相应地更早地接受了这种文化的取向,因此也可以解释文化转向首先表现为新文化史的兴起。“甚至比历史学家更为激烈的是,社会学家更加坚决地相信其研究的科学基础,他们要稍稍晚于历史学家接受对文化的宽泛理解和致力于研究文化表象的各种形式。”(Victoria E.Bonnell & Lynn Hunt,“Introduction,”5)
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(63) Victoria E.Bonnell & Lynn Hunt,“Introduction,”6.
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(64) Victoria E.Bonnell & Lynn Hunt,“Introduction,”8.
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(65) Victoria E.Bonnell & Lynn Hunt,“Introduction,”9.
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(66) Victoria E.Bonnell & Lynn Hunt,“Introduction,”10-11.
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(67) 戴维·钱尼:《文化转向:当代文化史概览》,第4页。
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(68) 同上书,第55页。
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(69) Victoria E.Bonnell & Lynn Hunt,“Introduction,”11.
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(70) 分别是William H.Sewell,Jr.,“The Concept(s)of Culture”和Richard Biernacki,“Method and Metaphor after the New Cultural History”。
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(71) Victoria E.Bonnell & Lynn Hunt,“Introduction,”12.
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(72) William H.Sewell,Jr.,“The Concept(s)of Culture,”Beyond the Cultural Turn,52.
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(73) William H.Sewell,Jr.,“The Concept(s)of Culture,”58.
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(74) Victoria E.Bonnell & Lynn Hunt,“Introduction,”12-13.
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(75) Hayden White,“Afterword,”Beyond the Cultural Turn,316.
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(76) 怀特分别对此四个方面进行了定义:语言主义,“理解文化最好的方法就是把它看作是一种语言”;文本主义,“现实是一种文本,而且对它的理解只有通过同解读书写的、口述的、视觉的或姿势的文本一样的技巧才能获得”;结构主义,“没有任何‘现实’,不论是自然的、社会的或文化的,是直接导向认知或思想的,而只有通过对这种现实的各种结构进行反思才能达到,它们是由更为‘想象的’或‘诗性的’而不是纯粹理性的和科学的过程所产生的,还必须包括我们所指的‘理性’和‘科学’本身”;话语主义,“所有知识都是人类意识更为推断的而非模仿的过程的产物,我们所认识的现实其实只是一种由话语化技巧而不是由纯粹的或预先推论的认知所产生的‘现实效应’”。(见Hayden White,“Afterword,”321)
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(77) Terrence J.McDonald,ed.,The Historic Turn in the Human Sciences,The University of Michigan Press,1996,1.
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(78) Victoria E.Bonnell & Lynn Hunt,“Introduction,”26.
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(79) 《历史与理论》杂志以“历史研究中的文化与解释”论坛(Forum on Culture and Explanation in Historical Inquiry)的形式组织了四篇论文,分别是:Richard Biernacki,“Language and the Shift from Signs to Practices in Cultural Inquiry”; Anne Kan,“Reconstructing Culture in Historical Explanation:Narratives as Cultural Structure and Practice”; John R.Hall,“Cultural Meanings and Cultural Structures in Historical Explanation”; Chris Lorenz,“Some Afterthoughts on Culture and Explanation in Historical Inquiry”,History and Theory,39(October 2000),289-363。《美国历史评论》以对《超越文化转向》的评论文章形式组织了三篇文章,分别是:Ronald Grigor Suny,“Back and Beyond:Reversing the Cultural Turn?”; Patrick Brantlinger,“A Response to Beyond the Cultural Turn”; Richard Handler,“Cultural Theory in History Today”,The American Historical Review,Vol.107,No.5(Dec.,2002),1475-1520。
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