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[6]Li，FightingFamineinNorthChina，ch.8.
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[7]关于这部分的详细情况可参见Pierre-Etiennne Will，BureaucracyandFamine inEighteenth-CenturyChina（Stanford，CA：Stanford University Press，1990；中译本见魏丕信：《18世纪中国的官僚制度与荒政》，徐建青译，江苏人民出版社，2003）；更具体的介绍可参见Li，FightingFamineinNorthChina，ch.8；and Davis，Late VictorianHolocausts，280-285。
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[8]Li，FightingFamineinNorthChina，273.
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[9]James Reardon-Anderson，ReluctantPioneers：China’sExpansionNorthward，1644-1937（Stanford，CA：Stanford University Press，2005），9.
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[10]James Reardon-Anderson，ReluctantPioneers：China’sExpansionNorthward，1644-1937（Stanford，CA：Stanford University Press，2005），73.
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[11]Ibid.，97-101.
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[12]Dee Mack Williams，BeyondGreatWalls：Environment，Identity，andDevelopmentontheChineseGrasslandsofInnerMongolia（Stanford，CA：Stanford University Press，2002），28.
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[13]Ibid., 28-29.
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[14]Reardon-Anderson，ReluctantPioneers，110.
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[15]Li，FightingFamineinNorthChina，303-307.
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[16]Reardon-Anderson，ReluctantPioneers，103-104.
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[17]Ibid.，140.
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[18]Ibid.，142.
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[19]转引自Reardon-Anderson，ReluctantPioneers，100.
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[20]Ibid.，107.
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[21]E.Elena Songster，“Cultivating the Nation in Fujian’s Forests：Forest Policies and Afforestation Effort in China，1911-1937，”Environmental History 8（July 2003）：456.
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[22] Ibid.，457-458.
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[23]Ibid.，462.
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[24]Ibid.，468.
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[25]本部分内容主要参考了Micah S.Muscolino，FishingWarsandEnvironmental ChinainLateImperialandModernChina（Cambridge，MA：Harvard University Press，2009）。
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[26]Micah S.Muscolino，FishingWarsandEnvironmentalChinainLateImperial andModernChina，22.
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[27]Micah S.Muscolino，FishingWarsandEnvironmentalChinainLateImperial andModernChina，122.
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[28]Ibid.，151，174-178.
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[29]Diana Lary，“The Waters Covered the Earth：China’s War-Induced Natural Disasters，”in WarandStateTerrorism：TheUnitedStates，Japan，andtheAsia-PacificintheLongTwentiethCentury，eds.Mark Selden and Alvin Y.So（Lanham，MD: Rowman＆Littlefield, 2004), 143-147.中译本见马克·赛尔登、埃尔文·Y.索主编：《战争与国家恐怖主义》，张友云译，社会科学文献出版社，2012。
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[30]转引自Micah Muscolino，“Violence against the People and the Land：Refugees and the Environment in China’s Henan Province，1938-45”，Environment andHistory，17（2011）：291-311。
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