打字猴:1.700696836e+09
1700696836 呼吸革命 [:1700694422]
1700696837 呼吸革命 注释
1700696838
1700696839 读者可访问mrjamesnestor.com/breath,来获取完整的参考书目及随时更新的详细注释。
1700696840
1700696841 行气玉佩铭:Primordial Breath: An Ancient Chinese Way of Prolonging Life through Breath Control,vol. 1,Seven Treatises from the Taoist Canon,the Tao Tsang,on the Esoteric Practice of Embryonic Breathing,trans. Jane Huang and Michael Wurmbrand,1st ed.(Original Books,1987),3。
1700696842
1700696843 前言
1700696844
1700696845 掌握呼吸的技艺:我在第一本拙作中探讨过自由潜水以及人类与海洋的关系,详见《深海》(白夏译,北京联合出版公司,2016)。
1700696846
1700696847 道家著作:The Primordial Breath: An Ancient Chinese Way of Prolonging Life through Breath Control,vol. 1,Seven Treatises from the Taoist Canon,the Tao Tsang,on the Esoteric Practice of Embryonic Breathing,trans. Jane Huang and Michael Wurmbrand,1st ed.(Original Books,1987); Christophe André,“Proper Breathing Brings Better Health,”Scientific American,Jan. 15,2019; Bryan Gandevia,“The Breath of Life: An Essay on the Earliest History of Respiration: Part II,”Australian Journal of Physiotherapy16,no. 2(June 1970): 57–69。
1700696848
1700696849 道家有云:The Primordial Breath,8.
1700696850
1700696851 对此都不以为然:在1998年12月的《新共和》(The New Republic)杂志上,《新英格兰医学杂志》(The New England Journal of Medicine)的编辑认为,健康决定我们如何呼吸,而我们如何呼吸对健康没有影响。在特蕾莎·黑尔(Teresa Hale)的著作Breathing Free: The Revolutionary 5-Day Program to Heal Asthma,Emphysema,Bronchitis,and Other Respiratory Ailments(New York: Harmony,1999)的序言中,美国营养学院、美国内科医师学院会员里奥·加兰德医生(Dr. Leo Galland)准确描述了我们呼吸的方式如何直接影响健康。我在为本书进行初步研究以及随后与教授、医生、其他医学领域人士的交谈期间,找到了好几份相关的介绍,加兰德的便是其中之一。
1700696852
1700696853 第1章 最不会呼吸的动物
1700696854
1700696855 牙弓和鼻窦:Karina Camillo Carrascoza et al.,“Consequences of Bottle-Feeding to the Oral Facial Development of Initially Breastfed Children,”Jornal de Pediatria 82,no. 5(Sept.–Oct. 2006): 395–97。
1700696856
1700696857 增加了……发生的风险:一项对7300多名成年人的回顾性研究表明,每掉一颗牙,阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的风险就会增加2%。若拔掉5~8颗牙,风险会升高到25%;拔掉9~31颗牙齿则会增加至36%。而牙齿全被拔掉的病人罹患睡眠呼吸暂停的概率要比常人高60%。Anne E. Sanders et al.,“Tooth Loss and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Signs and Symptoms in the US Population,”Sleep Breath 20,no. 3(Sept. 2016): 1095–102. Related studies: Derya Germeç-Çakan et al.,“Uvulo-Glossopharyngeal Dimensions in Non-Extraction,Extraction with Minimum Anchorage,and Extraction with Maximum Anchorage,”European Journal of Orthodontics 33,no. 5(Oct. 2011): 515–20; Yu Chen et al.,“Effect of Large Incisor Retraction on Upper Airway Morphology in Adult Bimaxillary Protrusion Patients: Three-Dimensional Multislice Computed Tomography Registration Evaluation,”The Angle Orthodontist 82,no. 6(Nov. 2012): 964–70。
1700696858
1700696859 25000的7次方:Simon Worrall,“The Air You Breathe Is Full of Surprises,”National Geographic,Aug.13,2012,https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2017/08/air-gas-caesar-last-breath-sam-kean。
1700696860
1700696861 其中大约有一半:有关用嘴呼吸的估计比较模糊,在5%~75%。巴西的两项独立研究表明,超过50%的儿童用嘴呼吸,但实际比例可能更高。Valdenice Aparecida de Menezes et al.,“Prevalence and Factors Related to Mouth Breathing in School Children at the Santo Amaro Project—Recife,2005,”Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 72,no. 3(May–June 2006): 394–98; Rubens Rafael Abreu et al.,“Prevalence of Mouth Breathing among Children,”Jornal de Pediatria 84,no. 5(Sept.–Oct. 2008): 467–70; Michael Stewart et al.,“Epidemiology and Burden of Nasal Congestion,”International Journal of General Medicine 3(2010): 37–45; David W. Hsu and Jeffrey D. Suh,“Anatomy and Physiology of Nasal Obstruction,”Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America 51,no. 5(Oct. 2018): 853–65。
1700696862
1700696863 造成鼻腔阻塞的原因:“Symptoms: Nasal Congestion,”Mayo Clinic,https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/nasal-congestion/basics/causes/sym-20050644。
1700696864
1700696865 当嘴部……发展不足时:Michael Friedman,ed.,Sleep Apnea and Snoring: Surgical and Non-Surgical Therapy,1st ed.(Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier,2009),6。
1700696866
1700696867 40亿年前:Keith Cooper,“Looking for LUCA,the Last Universal Common Ancestor,”Astrobiology at NASA: Life in the Universe,Mar. 17,2017,https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/news/looking-for-luca-the-last-universal-commonancestor/.
1700696868
1700696869 大气中的氧聚积:“New Evidence for the Oldest Oxygen-Breathing Life on Land,”ScienceDaily,Oct. 21,2011,https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111019181210.htm。
1700696870
1700696871 能量多达……16倍:S. E. Gould,“The Origin of Breathing: How Bacteria Learnt to Use Oxygen,”Scientific American,July 29,2012,https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/lab-rat/the-origin-of-breathing-how-bacteria-learnt-to-use-oxygen。
1700696872
1700696873 牙齿……齐整:并非所有的头骨化石都有牙。但埃文斯和博伊德根据下巴和牙洞的形状能判断出其牙齿非常整齐。
1700696874
1700696875 哈佛大学……丹尼尔·利伯曼:他指出,“如果我们不治疗某种失配性疾病的病因,而是把引起该病的环境因素继续传递下去,使得该病保持流行甚至更糟,那么就会形成一个殃及数代人的恶性反馈回路”,并称之为“进化不良”。“当我们的身体对环境变化中那些过多、过少或过新的刺激适应不足,出现进化失配导致的疾病或损伤时,恶性循环就开始了”。读者可进一步参阅利伯曼的著作《人体的故事:进化、健康与疾病》(蔡晓峰译,浙江人民出版社,2017)。另见Jeff Wheelwright,“From Diabetes to Athlete’s Foot ,Our Bodies Are Maladapted for Modern Life,”Discover,Apr. 2,2015,http://discovermagazine.com/2015/may/16-days-of-dysevolution。
1700696876
1700696877 用来切割羚羊的舌头:Briana Pobiner,“The First Butchers,”Sapiens,Feb. 23,2016,https://www.sapiens.org/evolution/homo-sapiens-and-tool-making。
1700696878
1700696879 松软处理的食物:Daniel E. Lieberman,The Evolution of the Human Head(Cambridge,MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,2011),255–81.
1700696880
1700696881 火烤后的食物:例如,动物吃生鸡蛋时只能吸收其50%~60%的营养,但鸡蛋煮熟后再吃,营养吸收率可达90%。许多煮熟的植物、蔬菜和肉类亦然。Steven Lin,The Dental Diet: The Surprising Link between Your Teeth,Real Food,and Life-Changing Natural Health(Carlsbad,CA: Hay House,2018),35。
1700696882
1700696883 80万年前:可能更早。在肯尼亚的科比福拉(Koobi Fora),研究人员发现了160万年前有意生火的证据。Amber Dance,“Quest for Clues to Humanity’s First Fires,”Scientific American,June 19,2017,https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/quest-for-clues-to-humanitys-first-fires; Kenneth Miller,“Archaeologists Find Earliest Evidence of Humans Cooking with Fire,”Discover,Dec. 17,2013,http://discovermagazine.com/2013/may/09-archaeologists-find-earliest-evidence-of-humans-cooking-with-fire。
1700696884
1700696885 节约了更多能量:我们的脑容量因为肠道变窄而增加了多少?没有什么确切说法,但肯定很客观。有关概述详见Leslie C. Aiello,“Brains and Guts in Human Evolution: The Expensive Tissue Hypothesis,”Mar. 1997,http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-84551997000100023。
[ 上一页 ]  [ :1.700696836e+09 ]  [ 下一页 ]