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四
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把经济学家维系在一起从事共同事业的纽带,不仅受到来自经济学家之间方法论差异的冲击,也受到他们的意识形态分歧的挑战。在经济学家努力把其学科变成一门科学的过程中,他们必须抛弃一种受偏爱的思维模式——某种一相情愿的想法。他们必须成为公正的观众,即便他们自己在演出中也扮演角色。然而在试图保持这种超脱的态度时,他们又被要求对极其复杂的社会问题迅速给出答案,所以他们不得不放弃那种小心求证因而也就缓慢的科学方法。再加上方法论和意识形态的区分、来自内外部的批评以及席卷我们学科的思潮的影响,使得每一步稳健的进展都难能可贵。而在过去一个半世纪里,经济学理论的数学化正属于这种进展之一;在过去50年中,它已经成为转变经济学的主要推动力之一。经济学理论数学化的程度之深也引发了人们对其影响的异议以及试图改变其走向的尝试。若想对这种异议和尝试的有效性作出评价,仔细考察经济学理论数学化迄今的历史过程是有益处的。
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