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英文疑难详解 22.this 的误用
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“狩鹿可以使人成为更好的游猎者,这个使得一般的猎户获益良多。”译为 Deer hunting makes a man a better sportsman. This is taught the average hunter in many ways.似有欠妥,请为改正。
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【解答】译文中 This 一字,所指模糊不明,因为它所指的原是 Deer hunting,而现在用作指前面整个的句子了,全句似可这样修正:
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Deer hunting makes a man a better sportsman,by which the average hunter is taught in many ways.
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下面几个例句中 this 的用法都有问题,可供译作上的研究。
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I hate to see two houses being built on one lot,because this would seem like living in a cracker box.(我讨厌看到两幢屋子建在一块划分的土地上,因为这样好像使人有住在饼干盒中的感觉。)句中的 this 改为 living there 就很好了。
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At an early age the youth will develop his personality traits,and the kind of home life he has will greatly influence this.(青年人的个性很早就会发展出来,而他的家庭生活对他个性的发展是很有影响的。)句中最后一字 this 是无可代表的,应改为 the development.
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The harpoon has to be fired with deadly accuracy;this is why an experienced harpooner receives twenty thousand dollars a year.(射鲸的鱼叉要射得极其准确才行,所以一个有经验的射手可以收入两万块钱一年。)句中的 this is why 三字改为 therefore 一字就没有问题了。
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英文疑难详解 23.they 的误用
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“在仓库里我们找到了一张合用的桌子,虽则要两个礼拜他们才能送来。”译成 At the warehouse we found a suitable table,although it would be two weeks before they could deliver it to us.不知译得对么?
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【解答】译文中的 they 所代表的为何人,句中没有明白说出,即是交代不清,对英文本身颇有问题,改正的办法是将它削去,全句可改译为:
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At the warehouse we found a suitable table,although it could not be delivered to us until after two weeks.
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再看下面一句:
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In earlier days,learning was acquired through memorizing,copying,and repeating;they merely continued what other people had learned.(在古代,学问是由记忆、抄写和重述而得到的,它们只能把别人所学的继续保留下来罢了。)句中的 they 是想要用来代表上述的记忆、抄写和重述,但意思不分明,如果把 they 改为 people,再把后面的 other people 改为 others,就更明白而无瑕疵了。
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英文疑难详解 24.whose duty it is to do 中 it 的用法
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There is a second man,whose duty it is to open the box.句中的 it 指什么,从文法上看它是什么作用?如果不用这个 it,句子不也很通吗?
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【解答】在这个句子中,确实是 it 的有无同样通顺,不过有 it 时,更为普通而已。现就质问中的例句来研究一下:
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There is a second man,whose duty it is to open the box.(另外还有一人,他的任务就是开箱。)
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在这句 whose 以下,我们可以改写为 and his duty it is to open the box=and it is his duty to open the box.但在意义上和说 and his duty is to open the box 并无不同,只是语气加重了一些而已。我们不妨从文法的分析来探求这个 it 的来龙去脉,就知道我那加重语气的说法是不错的。
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A teacher’s duty is to teach.加重时说 It is a teacher’s duty to teach.
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A teacher is a person whose duty is to teach.加重时说 A teacher is a person whose duty it is to teach.
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