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英文疑难详解 23.they 的误用
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“在仓库里我们找到了一张合用的桌子,虽则要两个礼拜他们才能送来。”译成 At the warehouse we found a suitable table,although it would be two weeks before they could deliver it to us.不知译得对么?
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【解答】译文中的 they 所代表的为何人,句中没有明白说出,即是交代不清,对英文本身颇有问题,改正的办法是将它削去,全句可改译为:
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At the warehouse we found a suitable table,although it could not be delivered to us until after two weeks.
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再看下面一句:
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In earlier days,learning was acquired through memorizing,copying,and repeating;they merely continued what other people had learned.(在古代,学问是由记忆、抄写和重述而得到的,它们只能把别人所学的继续保留下来罢了。)句中的 they 是想要用来代表上述的记忆、抄写和重述,但意思不分明,如果把 they 改为 people,再把后面的 other people 改为 others,就更明白而无瑕疵了。
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英文疑难详解 24.whose duty it is to do 中 it 的用法
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There is a second man,whose duty it is to open the box.句中的 it 指什么,从文法上看它是什么作用?如果不用这个 it,句子不也很通吗?
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【解答】在这个句子中,确实是 it 的有无同样通顺,不过有 it 时,更为普通而已。现就质问中的例句来研究一下:
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There is a second man,whose duty it is to open the box.(另外还有一人,他的任务就是开箱。)
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在这句 whose 以下,我们可以改写为 and his duty it is to open the box=and it is his duty to open the box.但在意义上和说 and his duty is to open the box 并无不同,只是语气加重了一些而已。我们不妨从文法的分析来探求这个 it 的来龙去脉,就知道我那加重语气的说法是不错的。
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A teacher’s duty is to teach.加重时说 It is a teacher’s duty to teach.
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A teacher is a person whose duty is to teach.加重时说 A teacher is a person whose duty it is to teach.
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美国杂志上有这样一个句子:
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Most large companies have trained specialists,personnel managers,whose job it is to interview and pass judgment on prospective employees.(大公司中都训练得有叫做人事经理的专家,他们的工作,就是接见和评定可能录用的雇员。)
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这是加重的说法,我们也可依照上面的方式,把它回复到普通的表现法来:
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The personnel manager is a trained specialist,whose job it is to interview and pass judgment on prospective employees.去掉句中的 it,便是不加重的说法。
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It is the personnel manager’s job to interview and pass judgment on prospective employees.改为普通说法,取消加重,即成为 The personnel manager’s job is to interview and pass judgment on prospective employees.
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现在我们明白了,这个 it 除了加强语气外是没有什么特殊意义的,虽然大多数的人都喜欢用,但不用的人也不在少数,兹各举数例如下:
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(1)加重语气的:
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One whose dream it is to excel in trade.—— Max Beerbohm(梦想靠做生意出人头地的人。)
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The man whose destiny it has been to preside for a quarter of a century.—— Lady Cinthia Asquith(一个命定在四分之一世纪中执牛耳的人。)
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He appeared to be a tough little man whose one object in life it was to avoid work.(他看来好像是一个倔强的矮小的人,他人生的唯一目的就是避免工作。)
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