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英文疑难详解 25．作关系代名词用的 as
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If，as is sometimes found among the first threads or streamlets，there happens to be one that has some spring for its source，we very soon become aware of the fact that such springs are also produced by rain.在一篇文章中看到上面的句子，请说明句中 as 的用法。
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【解答】英文的 as 一字，具有四种不同的词性，用法颇为复杂。它可以作副词，如：
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I can do it as well.（我也同样可以做。）
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又如：
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He did it in two hours，but it took me as many days.（他两小时就做好了，而我却要花上两天工夫。）
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又可用作介词，如：
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It can be used as a knife.（这可以当作小刀用。）
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Some animals，as the fox and the squirrel，have bushy tails.（有些动物例如狐与松鼠，有浓密的尾巴。）
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又可用作连词，如：
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It is not so easy as you think.（这没有你想的那么容易。）
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Just as he was speaking，there was a loud explosion（正当他在说话的时候，发生大的爆炸。）
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As you are sorry， I’ll forgive you.（因为你已道歉，所以我原谅你。）
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Young as he was，he was able.（他虽则年轻，却很能干。）
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Socrates’ conversations as reported by Plato were full of a shrewd humor.（柏拉图所传述的苏格拉底的谈话是充满着辛辣的幽默的。）
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最后一例中的 as，是用来限制它紧前那个名词的概念的，reported 前可加 they were 来讲。又 He arranged matters so as to suit everybody.（他把事情安排得人人都合适。）一句，在 as 后没有接子句，而是接的不定词，看去不像是连词一样，其实这种说法等于说 He arranged matters so well that they suit everybody.所以 as 还是连词，他例如 Be so good as to come.= Be so good that you come.最后还可用作关系代名词，它的先行词，如果是 such 或 the same 后的名词时，就很容易说明，例如：
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Such men as （= Those men who）heard him praised him.（听过他演说的人都称赞他。）
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Such animals as （= Those animals which are）the fox and the squirrel have bushy tails.（狐与松鼠那样的动物有浓密的尾巴。）
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This is the same watch as I have lost.（这只表和我丢了的表是一样的。）
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Bees like the same odors as we do.（蜜蜂对于香味与我们有同好。）
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但它的先行词，不一定是一个名词，有时是前面整个的句子，以 as 来引导出一个不限制的关系词子句，这时就比较难于分析了。质问中的句子正是这种情形。兹另举数例如下：
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As might be expected，a knowledge of psychology is essential for good advertisement.（如我们所预期的一样，好的广告，绝对需要有心理学的知识。）
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She was a woman of intelligence，as is shown by the letters she wrote.（她是一位有高度智力的女人，从她所写的信件中便可以看得出来。）
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He was a foreigner，as I knew from his accent.（他是外国人，听他说话的腔调就知道。）
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You are wrong as was to be expected.（果然不出所料，你是错了。）
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