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英文疑难详解 34.enough 修饰形、副、动时,置于其后
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“你觉得够暖吗?”一句,译成英文 Are you enough warm?为什么是错误的?而“我们没有足够的时间。”译作 We haven’t enough time.又对了;enough 一字在一句中的位置,到底有没有一定,请详细说明。
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【解答】英文不可以说 Are you enough warm?必须改成 Are you warm enough?才通。因为照英文的惯用法,enough 用来修饰形容词、副词或动词时,是要放在那些字的后面的,例如: It’s not good enough.(这不够好。)It is boiled just enough.(煮得火候恰好。)Have you played enough?(你玩够了吗?)以上是把 enough 当作副词用的。如果当作形容词用时,放在它所修饰的名词前面或后面都可以,例如: I have time enough for the purpose.也可以说 I have enough time for the purpose.不过放在名词的前面时,意思多少要加强些,有时在发音上可把强意表示出来,如:
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There is enough food for everybody.
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There is food enough for everybody.
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第一句把 enough 重读,第二句把 food 重读。在 colloration(字的配置)上,enough 后面常接用不定词,例如:
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Acquaintance:a person whom we know well enough to borrow from,but not well enough to lend to.(所谓熟人是熟到够向他借钱的人,而不是熟到借钱给他的人。)
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此字又可作名词,例如: You have done more than enough.(你做的足够有余。)We have had enough of everything.(酒醉饭饱,一切都足够了。)We had enough to do to catch the train.(好不容易才赶上了火车。)Enough of that.(够了呀!)
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英文疑难详解 35.无冠词的普通名词加 enough 的用法
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He was fool enough to marry her.一句中,在 fool 前,为什么没有冠词?请将理由说明。
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【解答】上举英文句意为“他愚笨得竟和那个女人结了婚。”或“他和那个女人结婚,真是愚不可及。”句中的 fool 一字,并不是指具体的人,而是表示名词 fool 所包含的那种性质,实际就是等于形容词的 foolish,正如说 He is no fool= He is very clever 句中 fool 的用法一样,不是指的“愚人”而是指的“愚笨”。这种前无不定冠词下接 enough 的表现法,都不是指人而是指事,字典上和文法书上没有说明,初学者应特别注意。现再举例如下:
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He was not man (=manly)enough to admit his mistake.(他不像大丈夫一般肯认错。)
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I am not philosopher enough to think out a solution to this problem.(我没有足够明哲的思考力对这个问题想出一个解决的办法来。)
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I am not poet enough to have such sentiments.(我没有发生那种情绪的诗心。)
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He was gentleman enough to help her.(他够绅士派头地帮助了那个女子。)
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He was scholar enough to read the inscription.(他有足够的学识能读懂那个碑文。)
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He was not blunderer enough to repeat his mistake.(他不贰过。)
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英文疑难详解 36.young enough 和 old enough
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She is young enough to get married.和 She is old enough to get married.两句在意义上有何不同?
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【解答】 She is old enough to get married.意为“及笄之年”,即女孩子长到十五六岁可以结婚了。至于 She is young enough to get married.则是指四十岁前后的女人,还够年轻可以结婚。至于说 She is too young to get married.意思便是“她太年轻还不能结婚”。这句话如果不用 too…to…,而换用…enough to…的造句法时,不能说 She is not young enough to get married,而要说 She is not old enough to get married.才对。因为 not young enough 是指“不够年轻”意即太老了,说 not old enough 才是说年纪太小,还没有到结婚的年龄。初学者必须注意由 too…to 改成 enough to 时,是要用相反的形容词的,但是用 so…that 时,就和 enough to 一样,如:
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You are old enough to understand such things.= You are so old that you can understand such things.(你的年龄已经够大了,应该能够了解这些事情。)
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