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1704790040 英文疑难详解 [:1704787052]
1704790041 英文疑难详解 64.in spring 和 in the spring
1704790042
1704790043 英文说春夏秋冬四季的时候,有时前面加定冠词,有时又不要冠词,在意义上全无分别,不知在用法上有无规定?
1704790044
1704790045 【解答】表季节的字在原则上是不要定冠词的,例如: Spring has come.(春天来了。)Winter comes after autumn.(秋去冬来。)不过如用在介词 in 的后面,就常有加上定冠词的时候,尤其是美国话如此。在英国凡是说到过去的事的场合,也多加用定冠词,这是有限定的意思,指过去某一年的春天(或夏,秋,冬)。或是因句中有 when 及其他前后文的关系而加以限制,才用这个定冠词的。
1704790046
1704790047 在同一人的笔下,在同一节的文句中,又同在介词 in 的后面,时而加冠词,时而不加,例如美国的历史家 Francis Parkman 在其代表作 The Oregon Trail 一书中说:
1704790048
1704790049 With all these changes,the water is so changed with mud and sand that,in spring,it is perfectly opaque,and in a few minutes a sediment an inch thick in the bottom of a tumbler. The river was now high;but when we descended in the autumn it was fallen very low,and all the secrets of its treacherous shallows were exposed to view.(哪怕有这样的变化,水中还是充满了泥沙,所以到春天的时候,简直变得浑浊不堪,放在玻璃杯中不到几分钟,杯底就可以有一寸厚的沉淀。河水现在高涨了;但是当我们在秋天下河去时,便是水落石出,河中那些危险的浅滩原形毕露了。)
1704790050
1704790051 他说 in spring 并不奇怪,因为季节名是以不加冠词为原则的,现在只消检讨加用了冠词的场合就好了。句中说 in the autumn,无疑地是因为在 when 后的关系。再看其他的例子:
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1704790053 It had begun that tune during the last term at school,in the summer.—— D. Richardson(那是在夏天,在学校里最后一个学期中,才开始唱那个曲子的。)
1704790054
1704790055 The snow man they both made in the winter.—— Ibid(他们二人在冬天所做的雪人。)
1704790056
1704790057 The clouds that had hung in high puffs for so long in the spring were dissipated.—— John Steinbeck(在春天像长烟似的高挂天空的云散去了。)
1704790058
1704790059 The forest had been green in the summer when we had come into the town…—— E. Hemingway(夏天当我们来到镇上,森林望去一片绿色。)
1704790060
1704790061 在季节名字后接用 of 时,则前面必须加用冠词,如 in the spring of1967.(在一九六七年的春天。)当英国人说 all the summer 的时候,美国人则说 all summer,例如:gradually he became aware of the one particular odor he had missed all summer—— E. Caldwell(慢慢地他注意到了一种特别的香味,那是整个夏天他都没有闻到的。)
1704790062
1704790063 如果和表持续的介词连用时,则英美两国都是要用冠词的,如 during the summer,through (out)the summer.
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1704790068 英文疑难详解 [:1704787053]
1704790069 英文疑难详解 65.不定冠词的用法
1704790070
1704790071 常有人说我们学了多年的英文,连一个“a”字的用法都没有学会,似非虚言。请将不定冠词的用法,分条举例说明一下。
1704790072
1704790073 【解答】不定冠词的用法,可分为下列九种:
1704790074
1704790075 (1)表示“或”的意思,讲话时第一次提到的名词冠以“a”,再提时便冠以“the”如:
1704790076
1704790077 One day a wolf fell in with a fox. The wolf was all skin and bones,while the fox was as fat as he could be.(有天一条狼遇到一只狐狸。那条狼瘦得只剩皮包骨,而那只狐狸却非常肥胖。)
1704790078
1704790079 用于此意时,复数形常加 some,any 的形容词,比较:
1704790080
1704790081 I saw a bird flying. It was a crow.(我看见一只鸟在飞。那是一只乌鸦。)改成复数则为 I saw some birds flying. They were crows.
1704790082
1704790083 (2)表示“one”的意思:
1704790084
1704790085 He came here a week ago.(他在一星期前来此。)
1704790086
1704790087 He will return in a day or two (=in one or two days).(他将在一两天内回来。)
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1704790089 They were all killed to a man.(他们被杀得片甲不留。)
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