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英文疑难详解 65.不定冠词的用法
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常有人说我们学了多年的英文,连一个“a”字的用法都没有学会,似非虚言。请将不定冠词的用法,分条举例说明一下。
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【解答】不定冠词的用法,可分为下列九种:
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(1)表示“或”的意思,讲话时第一次提到的名词冠以“a”,再提时便冠以“the”如:
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One day a wolf fell in with a fox. The wolf was all skin and bones,while the fox was as fat as he could be.(有天一条狼遇到一只狐狸。那条狼瘦得只剩皮包骨,而那只狐狸却非常肥胖。)
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用于此意时,复数形常加 some,any 的形容词,比较:
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I saw a bird flying. It was a crow.(我看见一只鸟在飞。那是一只乌鸦。)改成复数则为 I saw some birds flying. They were crows.
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(2)表示“one”的意思:
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He came here a week ago.(他在一星期前来此。)
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He will return in a day or two (=in one or two days).(他将在一两天内回来。)
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They were all killed to a man.(他们被杀得片甲不留。)
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A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.(多得不如现得。)
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(3)表示“any”的意思,可代表一个族类:
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A horse is a useful animal.(马是有用的动物。)
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I like a dog,but don’t like a cat.(我喜欢狗,不喜欢猫。)
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A cat may look at a king.(一个人无论身分怎样低下,都有相当的权利。)
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这个用法和作“或”解的时候不同,在其复数形前面不能加用 some 的字样,只能说 I like dogs,but don’t like cats.表整个族类的,除 a dog,dogs 外,还可以说 the dog,不过口语中最常用的是 dogs 一个形式。下面一个略近文言的表现法,也应归入此项。
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Of late he gets up late of a morning.(近来他起身很迟。)
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It was his custom of a Sunday to sit in the garden.(礼拜天他惯常坐在公园里。)
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(4)表示“a curtain”的意思:
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There is a Mr. Lee waiting for you downstairs.(楼下有位李先生在等你。)
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That is true,in a way.(从某一方面看来,那也是真的。)
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(5)表示“the same”的意思:
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They were of an age.(他们都是同年的。)
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Birds of a feather flock together.(物以类聚。)
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