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英文疑难详解 66.定冠词的用法
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请就定冠词的用法,分条举例说明。
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【解答】定冠词 the 和 that 同一语源,指特定的事物,其用法可分下列各项:
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(1)再提到前所说过的名词时:
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I met a gentleman and a girl in the park, I thought the gentleman must be the father of the girl.(我在公园里遇见了一位绅士和一个女孩,我相信那绅士就是那女孩的父亲。)
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(2)虽为第一次出现的名词,但所指的东西很明显时:
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Shut the door,please.(请关门。)
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He is the principal of our school.(他是我们学校的校长。)
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We sent for the doctor.(我们去请医生了。)
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Who is to take the chair tonight?(今晚谁做主席?)
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(3)在独一无二的东西前:
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The earth moves round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转动。)
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Long live the King!(国王万岁!)
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The Bible is being kissed by him.(他正吻着《圣经》宣誓。)
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(4)由于后面的修饰语而得确定那名词何所指时:
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I remember the time we first met.(我记得我们初次相逢的时候。)
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Look at the dog by the gate.(你看门口的那条狗。)
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I like the view from the window.(我喜欢从窗口看出去的景色。)
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She is the girl that showed me the way.(指示我路径的就是这个女子。)
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有时因冠词的有无而发生意义上的差别。比较:
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They are the students of our school.(全体学生。)
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They are students of our school.(部分学生。)
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(5)在代表某一种类的名词前:
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The whale is a mammal.(鲸是哺乳动物。)
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The English farmer is fond of grumbling.(英国农夫一般喜欢喃喃地诉苦。)
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