打字猴:1.704793507e+09
1704793507 英文疑难详解 [:1704787121]
1704793508 英文疑难详解 128.被动语态后接用的介词
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1704793510 英文说 The room was lighted by electricity.是正确的,为什么说 The room was lighted by electric light.就错了呢?
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1704793512 【解答】关于被动语态( Passive Voice)是把主动的人或物改为动作的对象,在主动者(或行为者)的前面加用一个 by 字为媒介而构成的。例如:
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1704793514 Columbus discovered America.(哥伦布发现美洲。)
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1704793516 America was discovered by Columbus.(美洲为哥伦布所发现。)
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1704793518 表示行为者或理由的这个 by 字,并非固定不移的,有时也可换用别的介词,在古代英语中不用 by,而用 from 或 of,如 He is beloved of all.(他为大家所爱戴。)一语,便是古文的遗留,到后来才改为 by 的,在过渡时代的人甚至在同一句中用了 by 又用 of,如:
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1704793520 They think that those fears are wrought by the devil, though indeed they are wrought of God.—— Bunyan(他们以为那种恐惧不安的情形是恶魔搞出来的,实际却是上帝的作为。)
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1704793522 在 be known 之后又以接 to 字为普通的用法,如:
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1704793524 How long has he known of this? Well, it was known to him this morning early.—— Hardy(他知道这个有好久了?啊,就在今天一早。)
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1704793526 A man’s intimate friends for years are often quite unknown to his wife.(一个男人多年的好朋友,常常他的太太都不知道。)
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1704793528 一般的原则是行为者用 by,工具则要用 with,如:
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1704793530 The bear was killed by a hunter with a gun.(那熊被一猎人用枪打死。)
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1704793532 不过行为者与工具之间的分别,有时也并不怎样明显,因为虽不是行为者的人,却有行为者的意味,如:
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1704793534 He was killed by lightning.(他为雷电殛死。)
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1704793536 The building was destroyed by fire.(那房子为火烧毁。)
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1704793538 以上也可以说是“理由”,即因雷殛而死,因火而烧毁,不必一定看作某种被动的行为。质问中的 The room was lighted by electricity.(房间由电照明。)也可以视为房间大放光明的理由,至于 The room was lighted by electric light 一句,就应改成 The room was lighted with electric light.(房间用电灯照明。)因为电灯显然的是工具呢。他例如:
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1704793540 His clothes were soiled with mud.(衣服满是泥。)
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1704793542 The bird was killed with a stone.(用石头杀鸟。)
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1704793544 The palace is surrounded with a moat.(皇宫有御沟环绕。)
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1704793549 英文疑难详解 [:1704787122]
1704793550 英文疑难详解 129.Money cannot buy happiness 的被动语态
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1704793552 Money cannot buy happiness.一语,改为被动语态时,说 Happiness cannot be bought by money.为何不对?
1704793553
1704793554 【解答】“金钱不能买到幸福。”一句话,原是拟人化(personification)的说法,我们只消仔细想一下,便会觉得这句话意思是不完全的,完全的说法应该是:“我们不能用金钱买到幸福。”( We cannot buy happiness with money.)再把这句英文变成被动语态时,便是 Happiness cannot be bought with money.质问中说的 by money,当然是错的。
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1704793556 在被动语态中所用的介词,主要有 by 和 with 两个,by 用于行为者或行为的主体( Active Agent),with 用于工具( Passive Instrument)。用于工具的动词,主动的形式或被动的形式都可以,如:
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