打字猴:1.704793549e+09
1704793549 英文疑难详解 [:1704787122]
1704793550 英文疑难详解 129.Money cannot buy happiness 的被动语态
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1704793552 Money cannot buy happiness.一语,改为被动语态时,说 Happiness cannot be bought by money.为何不对?
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1704793554 【解答】“金钱不能买到幸福。”一句话,原是拟人化(personification)的说法,我们只消仔细想一下,便会觉得这句话意思是不完全的,完全的说法应该是:“我们不能用金钱买到幸福。”( We cannot buy happiness with money.)再把这句英文变成被动语态时,便是 Happiness cannot be bought with money.质问中说的 by money,当然是错的。
1704793555
1704793556 在被动语态中所用的介词,主要有 by 和 with 两个,by 用于行为者或行为的主体( Active Agent),with 用于工具( Passive Instrument)。用于工具的动词,主动的形式或被动的形式都可以,如:
1704793557
1704793558 His enemy killed him with a sword.(他的敌人用剑杀死了他。)(主动的形式)
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1704793560 He was killed with a sword.(他死于剑下〔即被剑刺死〕。)(被动的形式)
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1704793562 行动的主体一般是人,但也有人以外的事物的,例如:
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1704793564 The steam-engine was invented by James Watt.= James Watt invented the steam-engine.(蒸汽机是瓦特发明的。)
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1704793566 The city was destroyed by an earthquake.= An earthquake destroyed the city.(城市毁于地震。)
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1704793568 在行动的主体用 by 的原则下,却有一些例外,这是因动词(或形容词)的不同而来的:
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1704793570 He is known to everybody.= Everybody knows him.(大家都认识他。)
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1704793572 He was seized with an illness.(他生病了。)
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1704793574 The house was surrounded with trees.(房子周围都是树木。)
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1704793576 Her eyes were filled with tears.(她眼中充满泪水。)
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1704793578 He was greatly interested in this work.(他对这工具大感兴趣。)
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1704793580 He was devoured of a long dragon.—— Bacon(他被一条长龙吞噬。)(古文)
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1704793582 He was seen of all the apostles.(他被所有的门徒见到。)(古文)
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1704793584 Did he say so? It is very kind of him to say so.(他这样说过吗?他这样说是很亲切的。)(这 him 也是表示行为的主体的,即 He is kind.)
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1704793586 现就 by 和 with 加以比较如下:
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1704793588 The house was destroyed by fire.= Fire destroyed the house.(屋子被火烧掉了。)(句中 fire 是行为的主体。)
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1704793590 The house was destroyed with fire.= They destroyed the house with fire.(他们用火烧掉屋子。)(句中 fire 是工具。)
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1704793595 英文疑难详解 [:1704787123]
1704793596 英文疑难详解 130.作“用做”解的 as 与 for
1704793597
1704793598 “这种材料可用来做地毯。”翻译为英文时,既可说 This material can be used for a rug.也可说 This material can be used as a rug.不知介词 as 和 for,在这种意义下的用法,有何不同?
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