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英文疑难详解 141.at the beginning 和 in the beginning
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英文 at the beginning,又说 in the beginning,二者在意义上有何不同?其他许多情形,at 和 in 也都可用于某些名词之前,如 at a word, in a word; at court, in court; at hand, in hand; at peace, in peace; at play, in play; at school, in school; at work, in work 等,请说明二者的含义。
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【解答】凡有关星期、年月、学期、季节等的开始,就说 at the beginning(=at the start),如果是一件事情的开端,或表起初之意,便说 in the beginning (=at first)。
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At the beginning of the term, our teacher addressed us in an eloquent speech.(在学期开始的时候,老师以如簧之舌向我们说了很多的话。)
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The entrance examination for admission to Nanyang University will take place at the beginning of April.(南洋大学的入学考试将在四月初举行。)
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Adverbial phrases are emphasized by being placed at the beginning of a sentence.(副词片语置于句首是为加强意思的。)
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In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.(起初上帝创造了天地。)
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You will find it rather difficult in the beginning.(开头你会觉得有一点难。)
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同性质的 end, middle 的用法也和 beginning 是一样的,at the end=at last,而 in the end=after all; finally.又 at the middle=between beginning and end; halfway,而 in the middle=in the midst,例如:
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At the end of the term we shall have another examination.(在学期尾我们还有一次考试。)
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In the end he found out all the secret.(他终于把所有的秘密都发觉了。)
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At the middle of July, the school breaks up.(七月半放假。)
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In the middle of the night he woke up and began to shout.(他在半夜醒来大叫。)
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I have often been stopped in the middle of a speech.—— Jowett(在讲演中常被阻止。)
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此外 at 和 in 在用法上是不同的,由于后接的名词而发生不同的意义,如在 age 一字前,at 指年龄,in 指时代,例如 at the age of seventy(七十岁),in old age(老年时代)。再看下例:
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She asked him for employment in his office, but he refused it at a word.(她要到他事务所找一份工作,但他一句话就拒绝了。)
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In a word, they are tired of studying.(总而言之,他们对于读书感到厌倦了。)
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The lady is said to have served at court for many years.(那个女人据说在宫廷中奉职多年。)
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The matter is still pending in court.(那事情仍在法院辩论中。)
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As the examination is at hand, we must study heart and soul.(考试已近,我们必须拼命用功。)
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His proposal has no reference to the subject in hand.(他的提议和我们正在讨论的问题无关。)
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We are now at peace with all the nations of the world.(我们现在和世界各民族和平相处。)
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If you show kindness to them all, you will be able to live in peace.(你和他们大家表示亲善一点,你就可以和平安乐地过活。)
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The boys and girls you want to see are at play in the park.(你要看的男女孩子们都在公园里玩。)
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Pleace don’t take it ill, as I said it in play.(请你不要见怪,我是开玩笑的。)
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