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张道真英语用法（大众珍藏版·第二版） [:1704917352]
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346 -ed Adjective
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-ed adjectives主要表示以-ed结尾的形容词，也包含一些不以-ed结尾的过去分词，为了方便，都称作-ed adjectives。
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这类形容词多数由及物动词的过去分词变成，因此有被动意思，可作表语，也可用作定语：
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这类形容词很多，常见的有：
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amused astonished broken closed completed complicated confused covered crowded decided delighted deserted devoted disappointed discouraged distinguished dressed excited finished frightened illustrated injured interested known lined lost married offended pleased puzzled qualified reserved satisfied surprised surrounded tired unexpected unknown unmarried unqualified worried wounded 有些这类形容词并无被动意思，而有完成的意思，如：
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My father is a retired general (＝a general who has retired). 我父亲是一位退休将军。
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The escaped convict (＝convict who had escaped) has been captured. 逃犯已被抓获。
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下面这些都属于这一类：
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accumulated dated escaped faded fallen retired swollen wilted 还有一些这类形容词，意思和有关动词的意思有些差异，如：
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She is attached to the place. 她很喜欢这个地方。
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（比较：They attached a label to my luggage. 他们在我的行李上贴了一个标签。）
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He is spending a year in advanced studies. 他用了一年时间从事高级研究。
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（比较：They soon advanced to the outskirts of the city. 他们很快推进到城郊。）
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这类形容词有：
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advanced attached determined disposed guarded marked mixed noted 另外还有一些这类形容词是由名词＋ed构成的，如：
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She is a gifted pianist. 她是个有秉赋的钢琴家。
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She had a purple flowered headscarf. 她有一条紫色印花头中。
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下面的形容词都属于这一类：
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armored barbed bearded detailed flowered freckled gifted gloved pointed principled salaried skilled spotted striped urbaned veiled walled winged 此外，还有少数这类形容词，既不和相关动词，又不和相关名词有意思上的联系，甚至没有相关的动词或名词，例如：
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The team made a concerted effort to win the game. 队员们同心协力来打赢这场球。
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His beloved wife had died. 他心爱的妻子死了。
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下面这些形容词都属这一类：
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张道真英语用法（大众珍藏版·第二版） [:1704917353]
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antiquated （陈旧的） ashamed （羞惭的） assorted （什锦的） beloved （心爱的） concerted （同心协力的） deceased （死去的） indebted （负债的） sophisticated （尖端的） 347 educational—educative