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379 exam—examination
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exam和examination都表示“考试”，用得最多的是exam, examination比较正规，主要在书面语中使用：
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I have to take a history exam next week． 下星期我得考历史。
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I was told the exam was difficult． 据说考试很难。
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He did very well in the examinations． 他考得很好。
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“参加考试”有下面几种说法：
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Many children want to take these exams． 许多孩子想参加这些考试。
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After the third term we’ll be sitting the exam． 第三学期后我们将参加考试。
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I can’t sit for the examination because I’m ill． 因为我生病没能参加考试。
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There is no set time to do this exam. 参加这种考试没有确定的时间。
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“考试通过（及格）”多用pass表示：
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Larry passed university exams at sixteen. 拉里16岁时就通过大学考试。
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Surely you could pass any examination． 你肯定能通过任何考试。
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没通过则用fail表示：
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He failed the written paper (oral part)． 他笔（口）试没通过。
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She has failed her exam again． 她考试又没及格。
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380 except—except for
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except和except for都表示“除了”。在all, every, no, everything, anybody, nowhere这类词后面，两者可以换用，后面跟名词或代词（作宾格）：
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They all went to sleep except (for) Jim．除了吉姆他们都睡着了。
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Everybody is down on me except (for) you．除了你谁都看不起我。
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I looked everywhere except there．除了那里我到处都找了。
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None of them spoke English except (for) Tom．除了汤姆他们谁也不会讲英语。
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He ate the whole meal except (for) the beans．除了豆子他把菜都吃了。
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Anything, except (for) water, is likely to block a sink．除了水任何东西都可能把洗涤槽堵住。
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