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523 Inversion
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一个句子如果主语在前谓语在后,就是自然语序。反之,如果主语在后谓语或谓语的一部分提前,则称倒装语序,这种句子称为倒装句。下面是倒装句的主要情况:
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疑问句多数为倒装句:
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Are you free tonight?你今晚有空儿吗?
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How are things going?情况怎么样?
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但若主语是疑问词,或由疑问词修饰,则句子用自然语序:
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Who is standing there?谁站在那儿?
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How many people are going with you?多少人和你一道去?
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由there和here引起的句子多用倒装语序:
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Where bees are, there is honey.有蜂就有蜜。(谚语)
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There were many things to be done.有很多事要做。
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There’s a car coming.有一辆车开过来了。
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Here comes a bus!来了一辆公共汽车!
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Here is the address of my hotel.这是我旅馆的地址。
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如果主语为人称代词,则可用自然语序:
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Here he comes.瞧他来了。
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There she is.她就在那儿。
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由so引起的表示“也如此”的句子,通常要用倒装语序:
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“We must leave now.” “So must we.” “我们得走了。”“我们也得走了。”
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If Julia can do it, so can I.如果朱丽娅干得了,我也干得了。
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由neither, nor引起的句子也如此:
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If you won’t go, neither shall I.如果你不去,我也不去。
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“I won’t do such a thing.” “Nor will I.” “我不会这样做。”“我也不会。”
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省略了if的虚拟条件句,语序也要倒装(用had,were,should开头):
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Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something.如果早一点儿通知我,我还可能做一点儿什么。
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