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619 must
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must是一个情态动词,主要表示“必须”、“一定要(得)”:
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The play began at eight, so they must dine at seven.戏8点开始,因此他们必须7点吃饭。
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You must see the doctor.你一定要去看医生。
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I must be off.我得走了。
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Must we do this today?我们必须今天做吗?
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可用于进行式或被动结构:
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I’m afraid I must be going.恐怕我得走了。
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The book must be finished by the end of the month.这书必须在月底前完成。
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否定式多紧缩成mustn’t /ˈmʌsənt/,表示“一定不要”(可译为“别”、“不要”、“不能”等):
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Of course she mustn’t leave us.当然她不要离开我们。
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You mustn’t do that.你不能这样做。
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You mustn’t forget to call her.你别忘了给她打电话。
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在回答带有must的问题时,若是否定意思要用needn’t:
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Must I come at four o’clock?” “Oh no. You needn’t come at four.”“我一定要在4点钟来吗?”“啊不,你不必在4点钟来。”
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表示过去情况时也可用must:
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It was too late to go back. We must (had to) go on.回去已经太晚了,我们必须继续往前走。
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She must see him that very evening.就在那天晚上她得去见他。
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I said I must leave, but I stayed.我说我得走,但我留下了。
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在这种情况下,用had to的时候更多一些,因为这样时间关系可表示得更清楚些。试比较:
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I must leave at six.我得6点钟走。
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I had to leave at six yesterday.昨天我得6点钟走。
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must可用来表示揣测,可译为“一定是”、“准是”、“想必”:
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Judging by the smell, the food must be good.从气味上看,这菜一定很好。
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It’s a quarter past three. He must be in by now.现在三点一刻,他准已到家。
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