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英译汉要重汉语
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当然,英译汉偏重汉语的前提是对英文原文已有透彻的理解和体会,这时,你才有可能将汉语水平发挥得淋漓尽致。为什么要提“重汉语”呢?因为很多人在做英译汉时,会被英语束缚住。掉入英语的“陷阱”。英语有一个特点,就是喜欢用虚词来确定和体现主词在句中的地位和功能。也就是说,英语中有许多功能性的词语,有指导你理解整个句子的作用。但是在翻译成汉语时,你不要被功能性词语拴住,要想办法跳过这些“小词”,重点突出原文中所想表达的意思,产生入木三分的效果。以下列举几种情况供参考:
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英语是一种逻辑很严谨的语言。这种严谨充分体现在它的句子结构中。先将事情的后果托出,然后再提及原因的句型就是其中之一,如The President has a lot on his plate over the next couple of days because we did have to move a lot of things in the schedule because of the Camp David Summit talks.这是一个典型的先结果,后原因的句型,因为句中出现了两个表示原因的词汇(because和because of)。汉语则有一个特点,句子之间的前因后果可以通过内容本身加以体现,而不一定要用“因为、所以”这类词来定位。因此,上句话可以翻译成:“今后几天,总统手里的工作还是满满当当的。戴维营峰会使得我们不得不改变许多计划中要做的事情。”读者一看,会很清楚今后几天工作多的原因。如果按原文的句型走,中文则会拖泥带水,不洗练。
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另外一个办法是,用动作体现过程,避开英语原文中虚词的困扰,时间副词后移,凸显结果。如:After the curtain came down and the audience were all queuing to get out,she would turn to her unwanted escort and say she had to go to the loo.(帷幕落下,观众们陆陆续续走出了剧院。这时,她会告诉她那多余的保镖,她要去上厕所。)
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也可以时间前移,形容词与被修饰的名词拆开,凸显形容词表示的意境,如:I ran into her on a rainy night.(一天晚上,我在雨中撞见了她。)
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根据汉语的习惯,时间和条件前移,主句顺后,如:Drug recalls haven’t increased,on a percentage basis,over the past 30 years.(从百分比来看,在过去的30年里,药品召回的情况并没有增加。)
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His hair was fast receding,his teeth had dropped out one after the other.
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他的头发谢得很快,牙齿也一颗接着一颗地掉。
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【又例:A fiftyish man with a receding hairline.一个五十来岁已经开始谢顶的男人。】
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There were tears in her eyes as she listened to their recollections.
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听着他们的回忆,她眼里充满着泪水。
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The roots of the current turmoil stretch all the way back to last spring,when consumer spending started to slow noticeably after a red-hot winter shopping season.
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目前混乱的局面,其根源可以一直追溯到去年春季,即在火爆的冬季购物结束后,消费支出的速度明显开始放慢。
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He is reed thin and has the cholesterol level of a teenager,which drive both his doctor and his wife up the wall.
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他瘦得像麻秆,胆固醇水平只有一个少年的量,这让医生和他的妻子干着急。
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His image reflected in the water as though in a mirror.
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他的外形就像照镜子似的倒映在水中。
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Better think about stopping soon.We can refuel, get a bite to eat.
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最好还是快停车吧,我们可以加点油,弄点东西吃。
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She hadn’t believe it.She refused to believe it.
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她不相信,也不敢相信。
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The agency would regulate the largest financial firms,including hedge funds and insurers not currently subject to federal regulation.
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该政府机构将监管最大的金融公司,包括那些目前尚不在联邦政府监管下的对冲基金和保险公司。
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I was lucky I could even walk.Twelve surgeries on my leg.A year of rehab.
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算是走运,我甚至还可以行走。我的腿做了12次手术,疗养了一年。
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