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11.3 现在完成时
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现在完成时的基本构成是：has (have) +动词的过去分词形式。
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现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的影响。
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We are what we are because we have first dreamed it.
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我们成就自己是因为我们首先有梦想。
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I have failed over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed.
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生活中我一次又一次地失败。这就是我为什么成功的原因。
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Three passions have governed my life
:the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind.
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有三种激情左右了我的一生：对爱的渴望、对知识的探索和对人类苦难的无限怜悯。
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现在完成时强调动作的完成。
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Failure doesn’t mean you have accomplished nothing.
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失败并不意味着你一无所成。
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There is no happiness except in the realization that we have accomplished something.
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如果意识不到我们有所成就就没有幸福可言。
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After you have done what you need to do, you can do what you want.
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在完成必须做的事情之后，你才能去做希望做的事情。
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当since表示“自从……以来”时，主句往往使用现在完成时。
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He has become energetic since two years ago.
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自从两年前以来，他变得朝气蓬勃。
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Great changes have taken place in my life since I changed my negative attitude.
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自从我改变了消极的态度以来，我的生活发生了巨大的变化。
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现在完成时常用于下列句型：It（或This, That）is the +序数词（或last）+ time (that) +现在完成时，基本意义为“某人做某事是第……次了”。
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I promise it is the last time I have made such a stupid mistake.
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我保证，这是我最后一次犯这样的愚蠢错误。
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This is the tenth time that I have tried, but I never lose heart.
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