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13.1 动名词的语法功能
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动名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
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13.1.1 动名词作主语
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Losing can be a real beginning.
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失败可以成为真正的开始。
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Having intimate friends is happiness in itself.
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拥有知己这本身就是幸福。
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While winning is not everything, trying to win is everything.
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尽管取胜并不重要，但努力去赢得胜利却是重要的。
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Constant dripping wears away a stone.
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滴水穿石。
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有时，将作主语的动名词置于句尾，用代词it作形式主语，这种情况多见于It is no use(或good) doing sth.句型，表示“做某事是没有用的”。
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It is no use crying over spilt milk.
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牛奶已洒，哭也无用。
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It is no use pumping a dry well.
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枯井打水，徒劳无益。
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It is no use thinking about one’s lost youth.
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追忆逝去的青春是没有用的。
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13.1.2 动名词作宾语
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动名词可以作动词和介词的宾语。
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a 作动词的宾语
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有些特定动词要求其后作宾语的动词用动名词形式。
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Genius means working hard all one’s life.
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天才意味着终生努力。
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As long as you live, keep learning how to live.
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