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14.2 现在分词的完成式和被动式
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现在分词的完成式基本形式为having +动词的过去分词，表示该动作已经完成；现在分词的被动式基本形式为being +动词的过去分词，表示被动关系。
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现在分词的完成式：
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Having identified goals, you can translate each goal to a specific day of the week.
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确定目标之后，你可以在一周具体的每一天将每个目标付诸实现。
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The person having experienced various difficulties of life will not be discouraged easily.
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体验过人生各种艰辛的人不会轻易气馁沮丧。
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现在分词的被动式：
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The first step being taken, the rest is easy.
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迈出第一步之后，其余的就可以迎刃而解。
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14.3 现在分词的独立结构
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有些情况下，现在分词的逻辑主语并非句子的主语，需要在分词前加上其逻辑主语，构成独立结构，也称为独立主格结构。独立结构在句中作状语。现在分词的独立结构和作状语的现在分词用法相同，只是多了逻辑主语。
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Time slips by, one season following another.
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时光荏苒，季节更迭。（相当于Time slips by, and one season follows another.）
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The world being hard, struggle is the only way out.
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世道艰难，奋斗是唯一出路。（相当于Because the world is hard, struggle is the only way out.）
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Life being very short, we ought not to waste time in reading valueless books.
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人生短促，我们不应浪费时间去阅读没有价值的书。（相当于Because life is very short, we ought not to waste time in reading valueless books. ）
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All things being equal, people will do business with people they like.
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如果所有条件相同，人们愿意和自己喜欢的人打交道。（相当于If all things are equal, people will do business with people they like.）
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We are a constellation of individuals, each holding our own place in the cosmos.
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我们是一个由个人组成的星座，每个人都在宇宙中占据着自己的一席之地。（相当于We are a constellation of individuals, and each holds our own place in the cosmos.）
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The Chinese word for crisis is divided into two characters, one meaning danger and the other meaning opportunity.
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汉语中的“危机”分为两个汉字，一个意味着“危险”，另一个意味着“机遇”。（相当于The Chinese word for crisis is divided into two characters, and one means danger and the other means opportunity.）
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