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14.3 现在分词的独立结构
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有些情况下，现在分词的逻辑主语并非句子的主语，需要在分词前加上其逻辑主语，构成独立结构，也称为独立主格结构。独立结构在句中作状语。现在分词的独立结构和作状语的现在分词用法相同，只是多了逻辑主语。
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Time slips by, one season following another.
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时光荏苒，季节更迭。（相当于Time slips by, and one season follows another.）
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The world being hard, struggle is the only way out.
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世道艰难，奋斗是唯一出路。（相当于Because the world is hard, struggle is the only way out.）
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Life being very short, we ought not to waste time in reading valueless books.
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人生短促，我们不应浪费时间去阅读没有价值的书。（相当于Because life is very short, we ought not to waste time in reading valueless books. ）
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All things being equal, people will do business with people they like.
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如果所有条件相同，人们愿意和自己喜欢的人打交道。（相当于If all things are equal, people will do business with people they like.）
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We are a constellation of individuals, each holding our own place in the cosmos.
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我们是一个由个人组成的星座，每个人都在宇宙中占据着自己的一席之地。（相当于We are a constellation of individuals, and each holds our own place in the cosmos.）
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The Chinese word for crisis is divided into two characters, one meaning danger and the other meaning opportunity.
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汉语中的“危机”分为两个汉字，一个意味着“危险”，另一个意味着“机遇”。（相当于The Chinese word for crisis is divided into two characters, and one means danger and the other means opportunity.）
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In time, you develop the habit of winning over fear, the smaller victories paving the way for the greater ones.
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逐渐地你会培养起战胜恐惧的习惯，较小的胜利为更大的胜利铺平道路。（相当于In time, you develop the habit of winning over fear, and the smaller victories pave the way for the greater ones.）
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14.4 转化为形容词的现在分词
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有相当一部分现在分词已经转化为独立存在的形容词，常见的有：
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alarming 令人惊恐的 amazing 惊人的
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amusing 有趣的 annoying 恼人的
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astonishing 惊人的 boring 令人厌烦的
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challenging 挑战性的 charming 迷人的
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confusing 令人迷惑的 convincing 令人信服的
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cutting 锋利的 daring 大胆的
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