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英语语法红宝书 第15章 主谓一致
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主谓一致是极为普遍的语法现象,具体指的是句子的谓语动词和主语须保持人称和数的一致。系动词be的各种人称形式包括am, is, was, are, were,前三者为单数,后两者为复数;动词have的现在时第三人称单数形式为has;其他动词的现在时第三人称单数形式是在词尾加-s或-es;除系动词be之外的动词复数形式并无特别标识。见下例:
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Diligence is the mother of good fortune.
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勤奋是好运之母。
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Every man is the architect of his own fortune.
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每个人都是自己命运的建筑师。
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Beliefs have the power to create.
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信念拥有创造力。
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There are two sides to every question.
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每个问题都有正反两面。
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如果主语部分较长,要看核心部分以确定其单复数。如:
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The qualities of a leader come from within.
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领导者的品质来自内心。(主语核心词为qualities)
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All efficient armies are well disciplined.
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一切战斗力强的军队无不纪律严明。(主语核心词为armies)
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The career of fruit is respectable; the career of flowers is sweet.
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果实的事业是尊贵的;花儿的事业是甜蜜的。(两个分句的主语核心词皆为career)
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The great difference between those who succeed and those who fail does not consist in the amount of work done by each but in the amount of intelligent work.
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成功者和失败者之间的重大差异并不在于每个人所做工作的多少,而在于所做聪明工作的多少。(主语核心词为difference)
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有很多时候,判断主语单复数较为复杂,需区别对待,具体情况遵循具体的规则。
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15.1 and连接的并列成分作主语时
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因为由and连接的并列主语在数量上超过一个,多数情况下应看作复数。
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Passion and enthusiasm are the seeds of achievement.
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激情和热忱是成就的种子。
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