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17.12 引导词which既带介词，又修饰名词的定语从句
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这是一种特殊的定语从句。引导词which之前带介词，之后修饰名词，这一名词的加入完全是为了表达得更明确。常见的搭配包括：at which point (在这时)，at which time (在这时)，by which time (到这时为止)，during which time (在此期间)，for which reason (由于这个原因)，in which case (在这种情况下)等。
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One often doesn’t know how to seize opportunities until they are actually needed, at which point it may be too late.
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一个人往往到了真正需要机会的时候才知道去抓住机会，在此时或许为时已晚。
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Mozart was an exceptional musician. He gave his first performance at the age of five, by which time he had already begun to compose music.
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莫扎特是一位杰出的音乐家。他在五岁时进行了第一次演出，那时他已经开始作曲。
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Your leadership potential is evident but needs further development, for which reason we have selected you for management training.
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你的领导潜质显而易见，但需要进一步的发展，因此我们已选中你参加管理培训。
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Tough challenges may well present some difficulties, in which case listen to what your colleagues can contribute to the solution.
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严峻的挑战很可能构成一些困难，在这种情况下要听取同事对解决问题的意见。
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17.13 定语从句与同位语从句的差异
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定语从句与同位语从句都是修饰名词的从句，其差别主要体现在两个方面：一，从句与被修饰名词的关系不同。定语从句相当于形容词，表明被修饰名词的性质状况；而同位语从句相当于名词，解释被修饰名词的内容。二，从句引导词和主句的关系不同。定语从句引导词与主句关系密切，引导词指代被修饰名词；而同位语从句引导词与主句不存在直接关系，引导词并不指代被修饰名词。试比较：
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A stone that is fit for a wall is not left on the highway.
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砌墙之石不会弃之于大路。（定语从句）
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Failure is a sign that you should explore other opportunities.
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失败是一个迹象，表明你应该去探寻其他机会。（同位语从句）
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Business is a very complex machine, all of whose components are people.
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事业是一台非常复杂的机器，其所有组成部件都是人。（定语从句）
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Let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.
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让我表明自己坚定的观点：我们唯一需要恐惧的就是恐惧本身。（同位语从句）
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实践演练
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Ⅰ.找出每句中的定语从句部分，用下划线标示，并注意体会其用法。
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1. The courage we desire and prize is not the courage to die decently, but to live manfully.
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2. Only that which is honestly got is gain.
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