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20.14 would rather, would sooner的虚拟
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这两个词组可以理解为“宁可”或“宁愿”。其后的从句要求虚拟。规则为：对现在的愿望，谓语动词使用一般过去时；对过去的愿望，谓语动词使用过去完成时；对将来的愿望，和对现在的愿望相同，谓语动词也使用一般过去时。要注意将这两个词组的虚拟用法与其后直接跟动词时的情况相区别。
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I would rather (或would sooner) my son had become a teacher, but he wanted to serve his country in the army, so he joined up after graduating.
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我宁愿儿子当时做一名教师，但是他希望参军以服务于国家，因此他毕业后就入伍了。（对过去的希望）
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I would rather (或would sooner) you had more health than wealth.
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我宁愿你有更多的健康而不是财富。（对现在的希望）
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I would rather (或would sooner) my father kept his mind and body active after he retires in three years.
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我宁愿再过三年父亲退休以后能够保持身心活跃。（对将来的希望）
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20.15 lest, in case, for fear that的虚拟
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这三个表达的意义相同，理解为“以防”；用法也一样，其后的从句可以使用虚拟语气，规则是：谓语动词形式为should接动词原形，should可以省略，动词保持原形。需注意的是，这三个词引导的从句也可以不使用虚拟语气而使用常规表达。
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Weigh well your words lest they (should)be swords.
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慎重斟酌自己的言辞，以免它们成为利剑。
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Take time when time comes, in case time (should) steal away.
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当时机来临时要抓住时机，以防它偷偷溜走。
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We must not promise what we should not, for fear that we (should) be called on to perform what we cannot.
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我们一定不要许诺不该做的事，以防别人要求我们去做我们做不了的事。
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20.16 主观意愿动词的虚拟
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英语中有些动词，共同特点是表达主观的意愿，共同用法为：在与之对应的宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句中，要求使用虚拟语气。基本规则为：从句中的谓语动词用should接动词原形的形式，should可以省略，动词保持为原形。
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In life, your goals may require that you (should) try different approaches and persevere.
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生活中，你的目标或许要求你尝试不同的方法，然后持之以恒。（宾语从句）
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It is suggested that to effectively listen, you (should) find meaning and understanding in what it is being said.
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为了有效倾听，你应该在别人的话语中找到意义和理解。（主语从句）
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What is demanded is that a man (should) make a personal commitment to excellence.
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要求一个人做的就是去追求卓越。（表语从句）
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