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1.6 Summary
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This chapter presented reasons to study debate, the most important of which is to develop thoughtful, reasoned, informed global citizens. Studying debate also promotes effective decision making at local, national, and international levels. Debate teaches students to examine problems and work toward solutions rather than work toward winning at any cost. Debate helps societies explicate difficult issues and helps individuals, communities, and nations achieve desired goals.
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The chapter also provided an historical look at argument and debate in China and in the United States, pointing out key developments in each nation’s history where scholars and philosophers encouraged the interchange of ideas through debate. Also reviewed were the histories of educational debate in both nations. Educational debate is the form presently in place in curricula across the world training students through instruction and also through application at debate tournaments.
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Finally, the chapter introduced the most advanced, productive, and ethical form of debate—generative debate. The ultimate goal of this book is to teach debaters methods of educational debate so that they may develop into excellent debaters capable of participating in generative debate for the benefit of themselves and their societies.
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在这一章节中，作者首先探讨了学习辩论的意义。辩论可以培养有思想深度、懂得说理、见多识广的全球公民。此外，还可以改进地方、国家和国际层面上的决策制定。辩论的真谛是让学生们学会探讨问题并寻求解决方案，而不是不计代价地获取胜利。辩论能够帮助社会认清难点问题，从而使得个人、集体和国家都实现其目标。
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此外，本章还以历史作为切入点，介绍了议论与辩论在中国和美国的发展历程，特别指出了两国历史中，学者和哲学家鼓励通过辩论交流思想的重要时期。与此同时，也梳理了教学性辩论在两国的发展。目前，教学性辩论已经被全球众多国家列为课程之一，主要通过课堂指导以及辩论赛上的实际应用来提高学生水平。
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最后，作者还谈及了更高一层次、更具建设性、更关注伦理道德的辩论类型——生成性辩论。本书的终极目标，是让辩手们首先掌握教学性辩论的方法，提高辩论水平，从而有能力参加生成性辩论，在促进个人发展的同时为社会进步做出贡献。
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1.7 Terms and Concepts from Chapter 1
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Check your memory and comprehension by describing or defining these key terms and concepts:
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· Greco-Roman argument and debate
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· Chinese argument and debate
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· Two ways to conceptualize argument
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· Argumentation
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· Reasons to study debate
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· Educational debate
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· Problems confronting international debate styles
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· Generative debate
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1.8 Discussion Questions for Chapter 1
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· Recount at least one role of argumentation and social debate in ancient and modern China.
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· Recount at least one role of argumentation and social debate in ancient and modern Western societies.
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· How did educational debate emerge in Western societies?
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· Describe the recent developments of educational debate in China.
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· Explain the problems inherent in viewing debate from any single perspective.
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· Demonstrate at least one example where generative debate would be beneficial.
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