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1705135598 12.7 Exercise for Chapter 12

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1705135600 · This exercise gives debaters a chance to practice formulating search strategies for electronic resources; it can be done in pairs or in small groups. Debaters will choose a practice resolution. Taking no more than five minutes, each debater will independently create a list of possible search terms (keywords) and likely resources where information on the topic could be found. At the end of the five minutes, debaters will compare their lists of terms and resources and discuss which they think will be the most effective for retrieving high-quality information. If time permits, debaters can try searching by the same keywords in multiple sources and comparing the results, or they can compare the results of searching multiple keywords within the same source.

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1705135608 思辨精英：英语辩论-构筑全球视角 Chapter 13Listening and Taking Notes

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1705135610 Jackson Miller

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1705135612 Chapter Outline

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1705135614 13.1 Listening in Debates

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1705135616 13.2 Paraphrasing

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1705135618 13.3 Flowing the Debate

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1705135620 13.4 Summary

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1705135622 13.5 Terms and Concepts from Chapter 13

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1705135624 13.6 Discussion Questions for Chapter 13

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1705135626 13.7 Exercise for Chapter 13

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1705135628 Appendix A—SAMPLE DEBATE FLOW SHEET

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1705135630 Debate fosters excellence in speaking and critical thinking, but success in competitive debate depends primarily on good critical listening and note-taking skills. Debaters need to develop proficiency in listening because it is a fundamental communication skill in debate. Inadequate listening skills will contribute to unclear dialogue in the debate and will create significant difficulties for the judges and the participants. Good listening habits are necessary for providing clear and insightful responses to arguments, and debaters can develop and enhance listening skills through practice. While participating in debate is an excellent way to practice listening skills, explaining some of the basics of listening and note-taking to beginning debaters in advance of debates or tournaments practice is an important aspect of this text. This chapter will discuss techniques for listening that can help both debaters take better notes and provide clearer responses to arguments.

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1705135635 13.1 Listening in Debates

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1705135637 The first thing that debaters should understand is the distinction between listening and hearing. Hearing is the physiological process of taking in sound waves through the ear canal. Listening not only involves the physiological process but also includes the mental process of understanding what is being taken in, making sense of it, and formulating a response. Listening involves processing the auditory cues being received. Listening is obviously important to a good debate because the mental processing of what is being heard fosters the critical thinking skills that generate a good debate.

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1705135639 As an active process, listening requires effort and energy. Listening is often viewed as a passive activity. That viewpoint regarding listening is particularly prevalent in oral communication activities like public speaking and debate. In speaking situations where one person is doing all or most of the talking, the popular perception is that one individual (the speaker) is applying all of the energy and effort. However, careful listening demands just as much energy and effort. The mind has to be fully engaged in the communication situation to carefully absorb and process information. The notion that listening is a passive activity is one myth about listening that needs to be dispelled.

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1705135641 A second common misconception about listening is that it comes naturally and is easy for everyone to do without any formal training. Of the major communication skills emphasized in most educational systems throughout the world, listening typically gets the least attention. Students receive focused training on how to read, how to write, and, although less often, on how to speak. However, very little if any time is devoted to teaching students how to listen. Debate can help address this deficit in communication skills training by providing students opportunities to practice listening skills in both a supportive and competitive environment.

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1705135643 An awareness of the common misconceptions about listening can help improve debates by maintaining the quality of dialogue. In Worlds-Style debate, every speaker after the first speaker in the debate has to provide some refutation of the previous speaker’s arguments. And, even the first speaker needs to listen carefully in order to be able to raise points of information. Active listening, the process of investing energy and effort into listening critically to the arguments presented by the previous speakers, allows debaters to strengthen their cases by formulating appropriate responses to the previously presented arguments.

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1705135645 思辨精英：英语辩论-构筑全球视角 [:1705132441]

1705135646 13.2 Paraphrasing

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