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过程视频分析经常用于分析设计活动。设计研究者们在转录设计讨论音/视频记录时面临着重重困难,其中最大的困难莫过于转录和分析音/视频数据所花费的时间。现有常用于转录的软件工具具有好几项严重缺陷。在这项工作中,我们确定了过程视频分析理想工具的要求,开发了一款满足上述要求的工具,并运用比较研究法对该软件进行了评估。多位设计研究者已在他们的研究中运用了该款工具。
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[1]普拉博·萨卡:印度理工学院罗巴尔分校机械材料工程学院助理教授。加盟印度理工学院罗巴尔分校之前,他是美国盖瑟斯堡国家标准和技术研究院的副研究员。萨卡博士致力于可持续标准和制造的研究,他在印度科技大学班加罗尔分校完成了博士学业,博士论文主攻工程设计中的创造力。萨卡博士的研究兴趣包括产品设计、可持续性、创造力和设计研究。
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[2]艾莫瑞希·查克瑞巴蒂:印度科技大学班加罗尔分校产品设计制造中心教授。加盟印度理工学院罗巴尔分校之前,他负责剑桥大学工程设计中心的设计合成工作。他建立了印度的第一个设计研究实验室。他获得加尔各答大学机械工程专业工学学士学位、印度科技大学机械设计专业工学硕士学位、剑桥大学工程设计专业博士学位。查克瑞巴蒂教授是11个国际刊物的编委,设计学会顾问理事会和管理理事会理事,印度国家设计委员会委员。他与别人合作共同开发了DRM,这一方法论目前得到广泛应用。他撰写/主编了10部著作,发表了250篇论文,拥有6项专利。
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[3]R. G. Cooper,“New Products:What Distinguishes the Winners?”Research Technology Management 33, no.6(1990):27–32; S. Nidamarthi,“Understanding and Supporting Requirement Satisfaction in the Design Process”(Cambridge University, 1999).
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[4]L. A. Stauffer,“An Empirical Study on the Process of Mechanical Design”(Oregon State University, 1987); K. Ehrlenspiel and N. Dylla,“Experimental Investigation of Designers’ Thinking Methods and Design Procedures,”Journal of Engineering Design 4, no.3(1993):201-12; L. T. M. Blessing,“A Process-based Approach to Computer Supported Engineering Design”(the Netherlands, Heurista:University of Twente, 1994); G. Fricke,“Successful Individual Approaches in Engineering Design,”Research in Engineering Design 8, no.3(1996):151-65; J. S. Gero and T. McNeill,“An Approach to the Analysis of Design Protocols,”Design Studies 19, no.1(1998):21-61; J. Günther,“Individual Influences on the Design Process-time-oriented Vs. Quality Oriented Design,”in Proc. ICED, 1999, 201-04; P. Sarkar and A. Chakrabarti,“Understanding Search in Design,”in Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Engineering Design(ICED07), 2007.
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[5]S. Nidamarthi,“Understanding and Supporting Requirement Satisfaction in the design process.”
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[6]N. Cross, H. Christiaans, and K. Dorst,“Introduction:The Delft Protocols Workshop in Analysing Design Activity,”in N. Cross, H. Christiaans, and K. Dorst,(eds.), Analysing Design Activity(Chichester, UK:John Wiley and Sons, 1996).
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[7]C. W. Ennis and S. W. Gyeszly,“Protocol Analysis of the Engineering Systems Design Process,”Research in Engineering Design 3, no.1(1991):15–22; Ehrlenspiel and Dylla,“Experimental Investigation of Designers’ Thinking Methods and Design Procedures,”Journal of Engineering Design 4, no.3(1993):201–12.
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[8]Cross, Christiaans, and Dorst,“Introduction:The Delft Protocols Workshop…,”
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[9]A. Whitefield and C. Warren,“A Blackboard Framework for Modelling Designers’ Behaviour,”Design Studies 10, no.3(1989):179–87; V. Baya and L. Leifer,“Understanding Information Management in Conceptual Design,”Analysing Design Activity(1996):151–68.
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[10]A. Newell and H. A. Simon, Human Problem Solving(Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall, 1972).
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[11]“Protocol Analysis and Verbal Reports on Thinking:An Updated and Extracted Version from Ericsson(2002),”www.psy.fsu.edu/faculty/ericsson/ericsson.proto.thnk.html.
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[12]K. A. Ericsson and R. J. Crutcher,“Introspection and Verbal Reports on Cognitive Processes –Two Approaches to the Study of Thinking:A Response to Howe,”New Ideas in Psychology 9(1991):57–71; see also“Protocol Analysis and Verbal Reports on Thinking…,”www.psy.fsu.edu/faculty/erics-son/ericsson.proto.thnk.html(2012年6月20日访问)。
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[13]K. A. Ericsson and H. A. Simon,“Verbal Reports as Data,”Psychological Review 87, no.3(1980):215.
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[14]K. A. Ericsson and H. A. Simon, Protocol Analysis:Verbal Reports as Data(Cambridge, MA:MIT Press, 1993).
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[15]R. J. Crutcher,“Telling What We Know:The Use of Verbal Report Methodologies in Psychological Research,”Psychological Science 5(1994):241–44; H. A. Simon and C. A. Kaplan,“Foundations of Cognitive Science,”in Michael I. Posner(ed.)Foundations of Cognitive Science(Cambridge, MA:MIT Press, 1989); J. Austin and P. F. Delaney,“Protocol Analysis as a Tool for Behavior Analysis,”The Analysis of Verbal Behavior 15(1998):41; S. Sudman, N. M. Bradburn, and N. Schwarz, Thinking About Answers:The Application of Cognitive Processes to Survey Methodology(Jossey-Bass, 1996); R. D. Henderson et al.,“A Comparison of the Four Prominent User-Based Methods for Evaluating the Usability of Computer Software,”Ergonomics 38, no.10(1995):2030–44; M. Pressley and P. Afflerbach, Verbal Protocols of Reading:The Nature of Constructively Responsive Reading(Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 1995); A. Renkl,“Learning from Worked- Out Examples:A Study on Individual Differences,”Cognitive Science 21, no.1(1997):1–29.
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[16]Nidamarthi,“Understanding and Supporting Requirement Satisfaction in the design process;”S. Ahmed,“Understanding the Use and Reuse of Experience in Engineering Design,”(PhD thesis, Cambridge University, 2001).
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[17]Cross, Christiaans, and Dorst,“Introduction:The Delft Protocols Workshop.”
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[18]S. Nidamarthi,“Understanding and Supporting Requirement Satisfaction in the design process.”
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[19]“Idea Transcribe,”https://sites.google.com/site/ideatranscribe/home(2012年6月20日访问)。
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[20]Ahmed,“Understanding the Use and Reuse of Experience in the Design Process;”Nidamarthi,“Understanding and Supporting Requirement Satisfaction in the Design Process.”
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设计问题(第二辑) 从看到读:基于文本的观念艺术与排印话语
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From Looking to Reading:Text-based Conceptual Art and Typographic Discourse
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