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[3]R. G. Cooper,“New Products：What Distinguishes the Winners？”Research Technology Management 33, no.6（1990）：27–32; S. Nidamarthi,“Understanding and Supporting Requirement Satisfaction in the Design Process”（Cambridge University, 1999）.
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[4]L. A. Stauffer,“An Empirical Study on the Process of Mechanical Design”（Oregon State University, 1987）; K. Ehrlenspiel and N. Dylla,“Experimental Investigation of Designers’ Thinking Methods and Design Procedures,”Journal of Engineering Design 4, no.3（1993）：201-12; L. T. M. Blessing,“A Process-based Approach to Computer Supported Engineering Design”（the Netherlands, Heurista：University of Twente, 1994）; G. Fricke,“Successful Individual Approaches in Engineering Design,”Research in Engineering Design 8, no.3（1996）：151-65; J. S. Gero and T. McNeill,“An Approach to the Analysis of Design Protocols,”Design Studies 19, no.1（1998）：21-61; J. Günther,“Individual Influences on the Design Process-time-oriented Vs. Quality Oriented Design,”in Proc. ICED, 1999, 201-04; P. Sarkar and A. Chakrabarti,“Understanding Search in Design,”in Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Engineering Design（ICED07）, 2007.
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[5]S. Nidamarthi,“Understanding and Supporting Requirement Satisfaction in the design process.”
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[6]N. Cross, H. Christiaans, and K. Dorst,“Introduction：The Delft Protocols Workshop in Analysing Design Activity,”in N. Cross, H. Christiaans, and K. Dorst,（eds.）, Analysing Design Activity（Chichester, UK：John Wiley and Sons, 1996）.
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[7]C. W. Ennis and S. W. Gyeszly,“Protocol Analysis of the Engineering Systems Design Process,”Research in Engineering Design 3, no.1（1991）：15–22; Ehrlenspiel and Dylla,“Experimental Investigation of Designers’ Thinking Methods and Design Procedures,”Journal of Engineering Design 4, no.3（1993）：201–12.
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[8]Cross, Christiaans, and Dorst,“Introduction：The Delft Protocols Workshop…,”
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[9]A. Whitefield and C. Warren,“A Blackboard Framework for Modelling Designers’ Behaviour,”Design Studies 10, no.3（1989）：179–87; V. Baya and L. Leifer,“Understanding Information Management in Conceptual Design,”Analysing Design Activity（1996）：151–68.
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[10]A. Newell and H. A. Simon, Human Problem Solving（Englewood Cliffs, NJ：Prentice-Hall, 1972）.
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[11]“Protocol Analysis and Verbal Reports on Thinking：An Updated and Extracted Version from Ericsson（2002）,”www.psy.fsu.edu/faculty/ericsson/ericsson.proto.thnk.html.
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[12]K. A. Ericsson and R. J. Crutcher,“Introspection and Verbal Reports on Cognitive Processes –Two Approaches to the Study of Thinking：A Response to Howe,”New Ideas in Psychology 9（1991）：57–71; see also“Protocol Analysis and Verbal Reports on Thinking…,”www.psy.fsu.edu/faculty/erics-son/ericsson.proto.thnk.html（2012年6月20日访问）。
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[13]K. A. Ericsson and H. A. Simon,“Verbal Reports as Data,”Psychological Review 87, no.3（1980）：215.
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[16]Nidamarthi,“Understanding and Supporting Requirement Satisfaction in the design process;”S. Ahmed,“Understanding the Use and Reuse of Experience in Engineering Design,”（PhD thesis, Cambridge University, 2001）.
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[17]Cross, Christiaans, and Dorst,“Introduction：The Delft Protocols Workshop.”
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[18]S. Nidamarthi,“Understanding and Supporting Requirement Satisfaction in the design process.”
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[19]“Idea Transcribe,”https://sites.google.com/site/ideatranscribe/home（2012年6月20日访问）。
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[20]Ahmed,“Understanding the Use and Reuse of Experience in the Design Process;”Nidamarthi,“Understanding and Supporting Requirement Satisfaction in the Design Process.”
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设计问题（第二辑） 从看到读：基于文本的观念艺术与排印话语
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From Looking to Reading：Text-based Conceptual Art and Typographic Discourse
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露丝•布莱克塞尔[1]（Ruth Blacksell）
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本文译自《设计问题》杂志2013年（第29卷）第2期。
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笔者想以彼得•奥斯本（Peter Osborne）有关观念艺术一书中的一段话作为本文的开场白。在书中，奥斯本指出：
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