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“Ex illa sane parte totam sollicitudinem omnemque formidinem vestris animis auferendam, ut hujus edicti serie cognoscat universitas, nullum de Romanis civibus, nullum de corporatis ad militiam esse cogendum, sed tantum ad murorum portarumque custodian, quoties usus exegerit.”（New Orders of Valentinian III. Title V：“Indeed, from that side all anxiety and every fear ought to be removed from your minds, and that in consequence of this edict all should know that no Roman citizen and no member of a guild is to be forced into military service, but only to the guarding of walls and gates as need requires.”）According to Section 3，everyone was also obligated to participate in the construction and repair of the walls.
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Title IX（440）：“ut Romani roboris confidentia et animo, quo debent propria defensare, cum suis adversus hostes, si vis exegerit, salva disciplina publica servataque ingenuitatis modestia, quibus potuerint, utantur armis, nostrasque provincias ac fortunas proprias fideli conspiratione et juncto umbone tueantur: hac videlicet spe laboris proposita, ut suum fore non ambigat, quidquid hosti victor abstulerit.”（“that, with confidence in Roman strength and the spirit in which they ought to defend their own, with their own hands against the enemy if violence demands it, with public discipline intact, and with the moderation of nobleness preserved, they should make use of what weapons they could, and they should guard our provinces and their own property with faithful unanimity elbow to elbow; that clearly in this proposed expectation of hardship it should not be in doubt that whatever the victor takes away from the enemy will be his own.”）
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Cassiodor’s grandfather is supposed to have repelled the Vandals when they were plundering Sicily and Bruttium. Var.1.4.14，cited by Schmidt in Geschichte der Vandalen, p.71.
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16.Procopius 1.28.
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17.Zosimus 5.40.
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5 民族大迁徙时期的日耳曼军队
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1.Mommsen，“Ostgotische Studien，”Neues Archiv 14：504.
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2.Könige der Germanen 3：3；4：61.
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3.In the case of the East Goths, the millenarius appears only a single time, and Mommsen（“Ostgotische Studien，”Neues Archiv 14：499）has seen fit to explain the word completely differently; he relates it to millena，“hide”—hardly correctly.
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4.There possibly even exists an etymological trace leading back from the monarchy to the leader of the Hundred. Ammianus 25.5.14，reports that among the Burgundians the kings had been called hendinos, and Wackernagel has felt justified in relating the word to “Hundred.”Other scholars, however, have explained it differently.
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5.Dahn, Könige der Germanen 3：161，from Cassiodorus. Later, Theodoric quite generally prescribed that the soldiers might exchange their ruined carts and exhausted animals on the march with the landowners through the intermediary of a royal official, the Sajo. But the soldiers were not to put pressure on the citizens, and they were to be satisfied if in exchange for larger and better animals they received, for example, smaller but healthy ones（Dahn, Könige 3：88，from Cassiodorus. Var.5.10）.
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6.Dahn, in Könige der Germanen 6：82，believes that, while the migrating armies of the Germanic tribes were accompanied by women, the latter could not possibly have followed the campaigns in the same numbers.
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Where then are the Goths supposed to have left their wives and daughters?
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7.“Walsians, some of whom already had German names, appeared individually in Ratisbon as late as the ninth century, around Ebersberg as late as the eleventh, and in the Salzburg region as late as the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.”Riezler, Geschichte Bayerns 1：51. Many Romanics settled in the Tyrol in particular.
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The Tegernseeer Gründungsgeschichte reports that only 1.000 Bavarian knights had conquered the territory. While the legend has no validity in itself, it does reflect the continuing idea that here not only was a territory occupied but a people was subjugated.
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8.Wait, Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte 2：169；2d edition，2：1，282.
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9.Brunner, Deutsche Rechtsgeschichre 1：85.
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6 日耳曼人与古罗马人的混居
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1.Prosper Tiro, anno 440：Deserta Valentinae urbis rura Alanis … partienda traduntur.（The uninhabited countryside of the city Valentina is handed over to be divided up by the Alani.）
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Prosper Tiro, anno 442：“Alani, quibus terrae Galliae ulterioris cum incolis dividendae a Patricio Aëtio traditae fuerant, resistentes armis subigunt, et expulsis dominis terrae possessions vi adipiscuntur.”（“The Alani, to whom the territory of Farther Gaul had been handed over by the patrician Aëtius to be divided with the inhabitants, suppressed the armed resistance of the natives. They acquired the property by force, after the owners of the land had been driven off.”）
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2.Here we may pass over whatever else there still was in the way of lease conditions, etc. See Brunner, Rechtsgeschichte 1：199.
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3.Procopius 3.2.
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4.Hartmann has drawn attention to this in his History of Italy in the Middle Ages（Geschichte Italiens im Mittelalter）1：109. The liability of the curiae naturally did not carry over to the Germans. Of course, the argument disappears as to whether and where the taxes were shifted as a result of the division.
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5.The idea that an original 1/2：1/2 division of the cultivated land was later changed to 2/3：1/3 has been rejected with good and convincing reasons by Kaufmann in Forschungen zur Deutschen Geschichte, Vol.X.
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6.Gaupp, p.352，note.
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