1700079340
战争艺术史 [:1700069551]
1700079341
战争艺术史 附录一 本卷会战年表
1700079342
1700079343
1700079344
1700079345
1700079346
1700079347
1700079348
1700079349
1700079350
1700079351
1700079352
1700079353
1700079354
1700079355
1700079356
1700079357
1700079358
1700079359
1700079360
1700079361
战争艺术史 [:1700069552]
1700079362
战争艺术史 注释
1700079363
1700079364
第一篇 查理曼及其继承者
1700079365
1700079366
1 查理曼
1700079367
1700079368
1.Lex Ripuaria（Ripuarian Law），36.11.M.G. LL.，5.231.
1700079369
1700079370
2.A cow is equated to 1 solidus. The expression “3 solidi，” which we find in one of the manuscripts, is obviously false, since an ox is counted as 2 solidi and a mare as 3. In a capitulary of Louis the Pious of the year 829，a cow is indicated in one place as the equivalent of 2 solidi.
1700079371
1700079372
3.（Note to the second edition）. The economic base of the Carolingian military organization is, as shown in Vol.Il, a barter economy. Alfons Dopsch, in his Economic Development of the Carolingian Period（Wirtschaftsentwicklung der Karolingerzeit），especially Vol. III, para.12，has recently claimed to prove that the generally accepted concept of this barter economy is incorrect and that there existed along with it a very considerable money economy. Consequently, he claims, the contrast between antiquity and the Middle Ages in this respect and in general is very overemphasized. I cannot agree with him. I find, on the contrary, the conclusions of my studies on the changes in military organization to be a new confirmation of the accepted concept. The transition from the Roman legionary to the medieval knight is not conceivable without the shift of the ancient money economy into a barter economy. See my review of Dopsch in the Deutsche Politik，26（1921）：620.“Römertum und Germanentum.”
1700079373
1700079374
4.The plebs urband（urban dwellers）were not considered as completely free in the Merovingian period. Brunner, German Legal History（Deutsche Recbtsgeschicbte），1：253，says: “We cannot determine with certainty how the decrease in freedom was expressed in a legal sense.”There can be no doubt that it is a question of the difference between the worrior and the nonwarrior. That point is not clear in Brunner because he believes, like Roth, in a general military obligation. According to the capitulary M.G. Capitularia Reg. Franc.，ed. Boretius，1：145，the tenant farmers were counted among the unfree men.
1700079375
1700079376
5.God. Kurth, in “The Nationalities in Auvergne”（“Les Nationalités en Auvergne”），Bulletin de la Classe des Lettres de l’Académie belgique，11（1899）: 769 and 4（1900）：224，proves with respect to Auvergne that no Franks at all settled there. In that region, even the great families holding the position of count were Romanics. Of almost all of the few Germans who appear in Auvergne, it can be proven that they did not settle there, except perhaps for a very few West Goths.
1700079377
1700079378
6.Numerous references in Guilhiermoz, Essai sur l’origine de la noblesse francaise, p.490.
1700079379
1700079380
7.Ancien Coutumier d’Anjou, Cited by Guilhiermoz, p.366.
1700079381
1700079382
8.Nithard IV, Chap.2.
1700079383
1700079384
9.Already explained by Boretius, Contributions to the Critique of the Capitularies（Beiträge zur Capitularienkritik），p.128，as a simple repetition from previous documents.
1700079385
1700079386
10.Cited by Baldamus in Tbe Military Organization under the Later Carolingians（Das Heerwesen unter den späteren Karolingern），p.12.
1700079387
1700079388
11.Hinkmar of Reims writes in the document against his nephew, the bishop of Laon（870）:“De hoc quippe vitio superbiae descendit quod multi te apud plurimos dicunt de fortitudine et agilitate tui corporis gloriari et de praeliis, atque, ut nostratum lingua dicitur, de vassaticis frequenter ac libenter sermonem habere, et qualiter agers si laicus fuisses irreverenter referre.”（“Certainly it comes from this sin of pride that many among the masses tell you to boast of your body’s strength and agility and of battles, and, as it is said in our language, to speak willingly and often with vassals and to reply disrespectfully, just as you would act if you had been a layman.”）I take this interesting extract of the document from Guilhiermoz, Essai sur l’origine de la noblesse française, p.438，where other examples of that special usage are also given.
1700079389