1700091987

1700091988 6.The passage reads: Malchus, ed. Bonn, p.268：“They established peace on condition that the emperor supply pay and food for 13，000 men whom Theodoric chose.”*

1700091989

1700091990 7.That this ruse was also common with the Romans, particularly in this period, is amply documented in A.A. Müller’s “Excurs zu Tacitus 1.46，”Philologus 65：306. Among other passages, Zosimus 2.33；4.27. Also in Libanius.

1700091991

1700091992 8.See Dahn, Könige 2：78，where the source passages are also indicated. Hist.misc.，p.100，and Ennod.v. Epiph.，p.390.

1700091993

1700091994 9.Recently published in Beihefte zum Militär-Wochenblatt 11（1901）.

1700091995

1700091996 10.History of the Burgundian-Roman Kingdom（Geschichte des burgundisch-römischen Königsreichs），p.323.

1700091997

1700091998 11.A very thorough treatment of this, as of the whole question, is to be found in Jahn, Geschichte der Burgunder 1：337. See also Wietersheim-Dahn 2：212.

1700091999

1700092000 12.The passages are quoted in Jahn 1：345.

1700092001

1700092002 13.Orosius 7.40.

1700092003

1700092004 14.Sidonius Apollinaris 7.7.“viribus propriis arma hostium publicorum remorati: sibi adversus vicinorum aciem tam duces fuere quam milites.”（“They held back the forces of the public enemy with their own strength. They were their own generals as well as soldiers against the army of the enemy at hand.”）Cited by Dahn 5：93.

1700092005

1700092006 15.Constit.novellae Valentin. III, title V：

1700092007

1700092008 “Ex illa sane parte totam sollicitudinem omnemque formidinem vestris animis auferendam, ut hujus edicti serie cognoscat universitas, nullum de Romanis civibus, nullum de corporatis ad militiam esse cogendum, sed tantum ad murorum portarumque custodian, quoties usus exegerit.”（New Orders of Valentinian III. Title V：“Indeed, from that side all anxiety and every fear ought to be removed from your minds, and that in consequence of this edict all should know that no Roman citizen and no member of a guild is to be forced into military service, but only to the guarding of walls and gates as need requires.”）According to Section 3，everyone was also obligated to participate in the construction and repair of the walls.

1700092009

1700092010 Title IX（440）：“ut Romani roboris confidentia et animo, quo debent propria defensare, cum suis adversus hostes, si vis exegerit, salva disciplina publica servataque ingenuitatis modestia, quibus potuerint, utantur armis, nostrasque provincias ac fortunas proprias fideli conspiratione et juncto umbone tueantur: hac videlicet spe laboris proposita, ut suum fore non ambigat, quidquid hosti victor abstulerit.”（“that, with confidence in Roman strength and the spirit in which they ought to defend their own, with their own hands against the enemy if violence demands it, with public discipline intact, and with the moderation of nobleness preserved, they should make use of what weapons they could, and they should guard our provinces and their own property with faithful unanimity elbow to elbow; that clearly in this proposed expectation of hardship it should not be in doubt that whatever the victor takes away from the enemy will be his own.”）

1700092011

1700092012 Cassiodor’s grandfather is supposed to have repelled the Vandals when they were plundering Sicily and Bruttium. Var.1.4.14，cited by Schmidt in Geschichte der Vandalen, p.71.

1700092013

1700092014 16.Procopius 1.28.

1700092015

1700092016 17.Zosimus 5.40.

1700092017

1700092018 5　民族大迁徙时期的日耳曼军队

1700092019

1700092020 1.Mommsen，“Ostgotische Studien，”Neues Archiv 14：504.

1700092021

1700092022 2.Könige der Germanen 3：3；4：61.

1700092023

1700092024 3.In the case of the East Goths, the millenarius appears only a single time, and Mommsen（“Ostgotische Studien，”Neues Archiv 14：499）has seen fit to explain the word completely differently; he relates it to millena，“hide”—hardly correctly.

1700092025

1700092026 4.There possibly even exists an etymological trace leading back from the monarchy to the leader of the Hundred. Ammianus 25.5.14，reports that among the Burgundians the kings had been called hendinos, and Wackernagel has felt justified in relating the word to “Hundred.”Other scholars, however, have explained it differently.

1700092027

1700092028 5.Dahn, Könige der Germanen 3：161，from Cassiodorus. Later, Theodoric quite generally prescribed that the soldiers might exchange their ruined carts and exhausted animals on the march with the landowners through the intermediary of a royal official, the Sajo. But the soldiers were not to put pressure on the citizens, and they were to be satisfied if in exchange for larger and better animals they received, for example, smaller but healthy ones（Dahn, Könige 3：88，from Cassiodorus. Var.5.10）.

1700092029

1700092030 6.Dahn, in Könige der Germanen 6：82，believes that, while the migrating armies of the Germanic tribes were accompanied by women, the latter could not possibly have followed the campaigns in the same numbers.

1700092031

1700092032 Where then are the Goths supposed to have left their wives and daughters?

1700092033

1700092034 7.“Walsians, some of whom already had German names, appeared individually in Ratisbon as late as the ninth century, around Ebersberg as late as the eleventh, and in the Salzburg region as late as the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.”Riezler, Geschichte Bayerns 1：51. Many Romanics settled in the Tyrol in particular.

1700092035

1700092036 The Tegernseeer Gründungsgeschichte reports that only 1.000 Bavarian knights had conquered the territory. While the legend has no validity in itself, it does reflect the continuing idea that here not only was a territory occupied but a people was subjugated.

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