1700096394

1700096395 3.Hermannus Contractus, SS.，V, for the year 1053.

1700096396

1700096397 4.Waitz，8：238，402，411.

1700096398

1700096399 5.Annales Hildesheimses（Annals of Hildesheim），SS.，3-110.

1700096400

1700096401 6.Mikulla，“The Mercenaries in the Armies of Emperor Frederick II”（“The Mercenaries in the Armies of Emperor Frederick II”（“Die Söldner in den Heeren Kaiser Friedrichs II.”Berlin dissertation，1885，P.5.

1700096402

1700096403 Ducange questions whether instead of “triaverdini” we should not read “triamellini，” a word supposedly derived from the name of a certain type of dagger.

1700096404

1700096405 7.Peschel，“On the Variations of Relative Values Between the Precious Metals and Other Commercial Goods”（“Ueber die Schwankungen der Wertrelationen zwischen den edlen Metallen und den übrigen Handelsgütern”），Deutsche Vierteljahresschrift，4（1853）：1.

1700096406

1700096407 Soetbeer，“Contributions to the History of the Monetary and Minting System in Germany”（“Beiträge zur Geschichte des Geld-und Münzwesens in Deutschland”），Forschungen zur Deutschen Geschichte, Vols. I to VI and 57th Supplementary Volume to Petermanns Mitteilungen，1879.

1700096408

1700096409 Lexis, article “Gold” and article “Silver” in the Dictionary of Political Science（Handwórterbuch der Staatswissenschaft）.

1700096410

1700096411 Waitz, Heinrich I.，Excurs 15，“On the Reported Discovery of Metals in the Harz under Henry I”（“Ueber die angebliche Entdeckung der Metalle im Harz unter Heinrich I”）. According to Waitz, mining in the Harz under Otto I is definitely confirmed by Widukind and Thietmar; it is still questionable as to whether it really went back to the time of Henry I.Inama-Sternegg, German Economic History from the Tenth to the Twelfth Century（Deutsche Wirtschaftsgeschichte des 10.bis 12. Jahrhundert），2：430 f.

1700096412

1700096413 The values for grains estimated by Peschel are obviously unreliable, and his opinion that a decrease of metal supplies can be observed in Europe from the fourteenth century on is certainly incorrect.

1700096414

1700096415 Soetbeer，2：306，thinks he has found indications that there was still much cash money on hand under the Merovingians. This opinion no doubt needs to be researched further.

1700096416

1700096417 The Florentine guilder was minted from 1252 on.

1700096418

1700096419 Helfferich, Money and Banks（Geld und Banken），1：87，says: “In the face of an almost complete cessation of production of precious metals and a heavy flow of such metals to the Byzantine Empire and the Far East, an unusual decrease in the supply of precious metal in Western Europe apparently took place in the fifth, sixth, and seventh centuries.”It does not seem to me to be proven that precious metal flowed away from the west specifically to the Byzantine Empire; at least, there was only a shortage and no superfluous amount there either. But the general decrease in the Roman Empire must have started much earlier, and in the third century A.D. it was already leading to the catastrophe. See Vol.II, p.212 ff.

1700096420

1700096421 8.Ruotger, vita Brunonis（Life of Bruno），Chap.30.

1700096422

1700096423 9.Delpech，2：43，believes the Brabantines were horsemen. Köhler，3：2：148 ff.，says they were foot soldiers, but he gives no basis for his opinion. When he expresses surprise on p.152 that they disappeared after the battle of Bouvines and we later find only national levies and soldiers of the cities in Germany as foot troops, this point is at odds with his opinion that the Brabantines were already such a highly developed infantry. Furthermore, on p.147，note, he himself cites an English source, Gervasius Dorobernesis, Chronica de rebus anglicis（Chronicles of English History）of the year 1138 to the effect that William of Ypres, the first of the historic mercenary leaders, commanded “milites et pedites multos”（“many knights and foot soldiers”）. Furthermore, in the treaty between Barbarossa and Louis VII of France of the year 1170（Martène, Veterum scriptorum … amplissima collectio: Largest Collection of Ancient Writers …，2：880），express mention is made of the “Brabantiones sive coterelli”（“Brabantines or coterelli”）as “equites seu pedites”（“horsemen or foot soldiers”）.

1700096424

1700096425 10.Gislebert, SS.，21.844. Baldwin presumably had “milites auxiliatores, qui quamvis non essent solidarii, tamen in expensis ejus erant”（“auxiliary knights, who, although they were not mercenaries, were nevertheless on his payroll”）.

1700096426

1700096427 11.15.100，cited by Roth von Schreckenstein, p.352.

1700096428

1700096429 12.Gervasius Dorobernesis, Chronica de rebus anglicis.

1700096430

1700096431 13.The first treaty is reproduced in Rymer, Foedera，1：7，and the second one on p.22. In the conditions governing the pay are provisions that do not seem to be consistent. In the obligation of the barons, it is stated that those who receive 30 marks “pro feodo”（as “fief”）were obligated to provide 10 milites, and so forth. But the total amount for 1，000 knights was only 400 marks. But in the renewed treaty of 1163，30 marks was the agreed amount for every ten knights.

1700096432

1700096433 This agreement forms an intermediate type between a treaty covering compensation and a political treaty, in that the count excludes in the first case service against his suzerain, but secondly, in case his lord himself should attack England, he obligated himself to serve him only to the extent of not forfeiting his fief.

1700096434

1700096435 “Tam parvam fortitudinem hominum secum adducet quam minorem poterit ita tamen ne inde feodum suum erga Regem Franciae forisfaciat.”（“He will bring with him so small a force as he can so that he may not, however, forfeit his fief to the king of France thereby.”）

1700096436

1700096437 14.Köhler，3：2：155，has assembled a number of these treaties.

1700096438

1700096439 15.Boutaric, p.1138.

1700096440

1700096441 16.M.G.LL.，IV Constitutiones I（Records of Germany, Laws IV, Ordinances I），331，and Martène and Durand, Veterum scriptorum … amplissima collectio（Largest Collection of Ancient Writers），2：880. The rulers consented “inter cetera de expellendis maleficis hominibus, qui Brabantiones sive Coterelli dicuntur tale fecimus utrimque pactum et statutum. Nullos videlicet Brabantiones vel Coterellos equites seu pedites in totis terris aut imperii infra Rhenum et Alpes et civitatem Parisius [sic] aliqua occasione et uerra retinebimus.”（“We have made the following agreement and regulation among other things concerning the expulsion of criminals who are called Brabantines or Coterelli: we shall not keep on any occasion and in war anyone, namely, Brabantines and Coterelli, whether horse or foot, in all the lands of our empire within the Rhine, the Alps, and the city of Paris.”）

1700096442

1700096443 17.H.Géraud, The Highwaymen in the Twelfth Century（Les Routiers au douzième siècle），Bibliothèque de l’Ecole des Chartes，3（1841）：132.

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