1700096570 7.Arnold，2：241.

1700096571

1700096572 8.Ennen and Eckertz, Sources for the History of the City of Cologne（Quellen zur Geschichte der Stadt Köln），Vol.II, No.449，p.165，and Vol.IV, No.488，p.560. See also 3：232.Arnold, Constitutional History of the German Free Cities（Verfassungsgeschichte der deutschen Freistädte），1：443.

1700096573

1700096574 9.Arnold，2：243.

1700096575

1700096576 10.“Not many of the gentlemen joined me, since they were anxious to be able to return home again on the same day and could not remain out overnight.”Königshofen, Chronik deutscher Städte（Chronicle of German Cities），9.845. Vischer, Studies in German History（Forschungen der deutschen Geschichte）2：77. Köhler，3：2：381.

1700096577

1700096578 11.Master Godefrit Hagen, city clerk for the period, Rhymed Chronicle of the City of Cologne from the Thirteenth Century（Reimchronik der Stadt Köln aus dem dreizehnten Jahrhundert）. With notes and glossary in accordance with the only ancient manuscript. Edited completely for the first time by E.von Groote, city councilor, Cologne on the Rhine. Published and printed by M. Du Mont-Schauberg.1834.

1700096579

1700096580 12.This document is printed in the Fontes rerum Germanicarum（Sources of German History），by Böhmer, Vol.III, and recently edited by Jaffé in the SS.，17.105. See also Wiegand, Bellum Walterianum（Studies in Alsatian History[Studien zur Elsässischen Geschichte]，I），Strasbourg，1878. Roth von Schreckenstein, Herr Walter von Geroldseck, Tübingen，1857.

1700096581

1700096582 13.Roth, p.40，assumes that the bishop had distributed his men throughout the region up to about Schlettstadt, Rheinau, Zabern, and Hagenau. Some of these points are more than 18 miles distant from the assembly point at Molsheim.

1700096583

1700096584 According to Richer, the bishop’s troops had not initially assembled but were concentrated at Dachenstein.

1700096585

1700096586 14.From Closener’s translation. The Latin text reads: “Bene veniatis, dilectissime domine Zorn; nunquam in tantum desiderabam vos videre.”

1700096587

1700096588 7　条顿骑士团征服普鲁士

1700096589

1700096590 1.The best comprehensive account is that of Karl Lohmeyer, Geschichte von Ost-und Westpreussen，1st Section，2d ed.，1881. The work of A.L. Ewald, The Conquest of Prussia by the Germans（Die Eroberung Preussens durch die Deutschen），four volumes，1882-1886，is based on a variety of sources. The second great rebellion by the Prussians is treated thoroughly and well by Köhler in the second volume of his Development of Military Organization and Conduct of War in the Knightly Period（Entwickelung des Kriegswesens und der Kriegführung in der Ritterzeit）.

1700096591

1700096592 2.Whether the remark, from Dusburg or the chronicle of Oliva, that the order numbered 600 lay members in 1239 is reliable cannot be determined.

1700096593

1700096594 8　英格兰箭术与爱德华一世征服威尔士和苏格兰

1700096595

1700096596 1.Slingers, fundibularii, are mentioned in Continuatio Reginonis（Continuation of Regino）for the year 962. Casus Sancti Galli Continuatio（Continuation of the Chronicle of St. Gall），158.

1700096597

1700096598 2.See Jähns, History of the Development of Ancient Offensive Weapons（Entwickelungsgeschichte der alten Trutzwaffen），p.333 ff.

1700096599

1700096600 3.In Jaffé，Regesta pontificum Romanorum（Register of the Roman Popes），p.585，the decision（No.29）reads as follows: “artem ballistariorum et sagittariorum adversus Christianos et catholicos exerceri sub anathemate prohibent.”（“They prohibited, on pain of damnation, the skill of crossbowmen and archers to be exercised against Christians and Catholics.”）On the basis of this Regesta, we find it stated quite often（for example, in Demmin, Military Weapons [Kriegswaffen]，2d ed.，p.100，and also Waitz，8：190）that the council had forbidden the use of the crossbow among Christians as too deadly a weapon. Since the sagittarii（archers）are mentioned in a line with the ballistarii（crossbowmen），that cannot possibly have been the intent of the council. In Mansi, Tome 21，p.534，the decision reads as follows: “Artem autem illam mortiferam et Deo odibilem ballistariorum et sagittariorum adversus Christianos et catholicos exerceri de caetero sub anathemate prohibemus.”（“We prohibit, however, on pain of damnation, that deadly skill of crossbowmen and archers, odious to God, to be practiced by another against Christians and Catholics.”）Hefele, Concil. Geschichte, Vol.V，2d ed.，p.442，interprets this as referring to a kind of tournament of competitive shooting at persons. San Marte, p.188，claims that it refers to poisoned arrows and bolts. I prefer Hefele’s interpretation.

1700096601

1700096602 4.Guillemus Brito, Gesta Philippi regis（William the Briton, Deeds of Philip the King），Book II：

1700096603

1700096604 Francigenis nostris illis ignota diebus

1700096605

1700096606 Res erat omnino, quid Balestarius arcus

1700096607

1700096608 Quid Balista foret.

1700096609

1700096610 （In those days, what a Balestarius bow was

1700096611

1700096612 And what a Balista was

1700096613

1700096614 Were completely unknown to our Frenchmen.）

1700096615

1700096616 Has volo, non alia Ricardum morte perire

1700096617

1700096618 Ut qui Francigenis ballistae primitus usum

1700096619

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