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The letter of alliance of 1353 provided that the men of the forest cantons, when called by the Bernese for help, would move over the Brünig Pass to Unterseeen（Interlaken）without pay, but from there on they would receive one groschen Tournois for each man daily. Von Elgger, Military System and Military Skill of the Swiss Confederation in the Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Sixteenth Centuries（Kriegswesen und Kriegskunst der schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft im 14.，15.und 16. Jahrhundert），Lucerne，1873，p.40.
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Also, when the peasants of Appenzell, who certainly did not have much, called on the Schwyzers for help against their abbot（1403），they had to pay them. Dierauer, Geschichte der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft，1：400，Note 2.
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2.Köhler, Ritterzeit，2：605.
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3.All the more so in that it is confirmed by the Chronica de Berno, a short contemporary account. Edited by Studer as a supplement to Justinger, p.300.
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4.Studer has also quite correctly pointed out in the Archiv des historischen Vereins Bern, Vol.IV，（1858-1860），Issue No.3，that, according to the contemporary report, Fribourg was the real enemy of Bern. Not until a later time, in keeping with the then existing animosities, was the war branded as a conflict against the nobility.
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The bishop of Lausanne, too, had troops at Laupen as an ally of Fribourg, as is proven in the sources. Studer, p.27.
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5.Rüstow, Geschichte der Infanterie，1：152，believes that the Bernese did not have any missile weapons. That is extremely improbable, in fact impossible. In any event, it is not to be concluded from the fact that they do not happen to be mentioned in the accounts of this battle.
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6.Solothurn had provided eighteen helmets, and the baron of Weissenburg fought on the side of the Bernese. In the battle of Hutwil（1340）there is mention of a mounted banner of Bernese that moved out in front of the main banner with the skirmishers. Justinger, pp.97，99. Later, the Bernese mounted troops enjoyed a particularly high respect. Elgger, p.302.
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7.Justinger, p.99.
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4 森巴赫会战
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1.The Swiss must have learned several days in advance that the duke’s attack was imminent, for otherwise they could not have had their army on hand right on the day of his departure. The reinforcements from the original cantons, who were at Zurich, marched off from there on 7 July at the latest, as is to be concluded from a decision of the council of 7 July.Eidgenössische Abschrifte，1.72.
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2.“Nam cum utraque pars in campo ante civitatem sito convenisset pars Bernensium stetit contra hostes conglobata in modum corone et compressa, cuspitibus suis pretensis. Quam dum de adversa parte nemo aggredi presumeret … quidam cordatus miles … in eos efferatus fuisset et in corum lanceas receptus, in frusta discerptus et concisus lamentabiliter periit.”（“Now when each side had assembled in the field lying in front of the city, the Bernese stood massed against the enemy in a circle and in close order, with the tips of their spears extended before them. When no one from the enemy side dared to attack them … a courageous soldier … was infuriated with them and penetrated up to their spears; lamentably, he died in vain, torn apart and cut to pieces.”）
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3.Bürkli, p.90. Lorenz, Germany’s Historical Sources（Deutschlands Geschichtsquellen），p.46. Stössel, p.47.
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4.Oechsli in the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie，44.446.
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5 多芬根会战
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1.The sources are, of course, quite meager, and our principal source, Königshofen, is fable-like and unreliable. Christian Friedrich Stälin, Württembergische Geschichte，3：334.Paul Friedrich Stälin, Geschichte Württembergs，1：569. G.von der Au, Zur Kritik Königshofen, Tübingen，1881. The Annales Stuttgartenses, copied in the Württembergisches Jahrbuch，1849，contains nothing of importance.
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2.According to Königshofen，800 gleves and 2，000 foot soldiers; according to the Constance Chronicle，700 lances on horseback and 1，100 on foot.
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3.According to Königshofen（Städtische Chronik，9.839），550 gleves and 2，000 peasants; according to the Constance Chronicle，600 lances and 6，000 men on foot; according to Ulman Stromer，1，100 lances and some 6，000 foot soldiers; according to Justinger，800 lances and 2，000 mercenaries.
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4.Augsburg Chronicle，1.87（see also 2.40）.
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5.Rupp, in the “Battle of Döffingen”（“Die Schlacht bei Döffingen”），Vorschungen zur deutschen Geschichte，14：551，feels obliged to consider as correct the account of the treachery of von Henneberg, and he sees that as the reason for the defeat. Nevertheless, his reasons have not convinced me. Von der Au also rejects Rupp’s arguments.
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6.Königshofen says: “and the first attack of the battle was won over the lords”；now the fresh gleves arrived—“then the attack was successful against the cities, so that they were defeated.”
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6 瑞士联邦的军事组织
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1.Em.von Rodt, History of the Bernese Military System（Geschichte des Bernerischen Kriegswesens），1831.
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J. J.Blumer, Political and Legal History of the Swiss Democracies（Staatsund Rechtsgeschichte der schweizerischen Demokratien），1848.
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K. von Elgger, Military System and Military Art of the Swiss Confederation in the Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Sixteenth Centuries（Kriegswesen und Kriegskunst der schweizerischen Eidgenossen im 14.，15.，und 16. Jahrhundert），1873.
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