1700139495
1700139496
[33]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,pp.494-503.
1700139497
1700139498
[34]Cunliffe,Europe between Oceans,pp.236-253.
1700139499
1700139500
[35]Markoe,the Phoenicians,p.98.
1700139501
1700139502
[36]Cunliffe,Europe between Oceans,pp.289-291.
1700139503
1700139504
[37]Markoe,the Phoenicians,pp.182-188.到公元前650年，推罗人已经在和摩洛哥靠大西洋一侧的埃苏拉港做交易了。
1700139505
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[38]Cunliffe,Europe between Oceans,p.285.
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1700139508
[39]Cunliffe,Europe between Oceans,pp.298-299.
1700139509
1700139510
[40]古希腊殖民城邦，今法国马赛。——编者注
1700139511
1700139512
[41]Cunliffe,Europe between Oceans,pp.270-298;Horden,and Purcell,The Corrupting Sea,Map p.127.
1700139513
1700139514
[42]Rhys Carpenter,Beyond the Pillars of Hercules
:The Classical World Seen through the Eyes of its Discoverers,London
:Tandem Books,1963,pp.143-144.
1700139515
1700139516
[43]Markoe,the Phoenicians,pp.87,68.
1700139517
1700139518
[44]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,p.484.
1700139519
1700139520
[45]Markoe,the Phoenicians,pp.199-201,164.
1700139521
1700139522
[46]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,pp.357,445,485-486.
1700139523
1700139524
[47]John Naish,Seamarks
:Their History and Development,London
:Stanford Maritime,1985,pp.15-24.
1700139525
1700139526
[48]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,p.488;Horden and Purcell,The Corrupting Sea,pp.115-122.
1700139527
1700139528
[49]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,pp.492,496.
1700139529
1700139530
[50]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,p.505;Horden and Purcell,The Corrupting Sea,p.116.
1700139531
1700139532
[51]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,pp.508-509.
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1700139534
[52]F.C.Lane,Profi ts from Power
:Readings in Protection Rent and Violence-Controlling Enterprises,Albany,NY
:State University of New York Press,1979,pp.3,10.
1700139535
1700139536
[53]几个世纪之后，罗马开发了提洛岛，以相同的方式控制罗得斯。
1700139537
1700139538
[54]Herman T.Wallinga,‘The Ancestry of the Trireme’,in J.Morison,The Age of the Galley
:Mediterranean Oared Vessels since Pre-Classical Times,London
:Conway Press,1995,pp.36-48.reproduced at p.43.浮雕图像展示了装有撞锤和没有撞锤的五十桨帆船。
1700139539
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[55]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,pp.525-535.
1700139541
1700139542
[56]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,p.537.
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1700139544
[57]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,pp.536-537.
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